Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Thermoanalytical studies of cimetidine and complexes with Mn(II) Co(II) and Ni(II)

Cimetidine is an important hydrogen histamine receptor and can coordinate metal ions in blood plasma. The stability of cimetidine and its complexes with Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) was evaluated by studies of thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Cimetidine was thermally stable up to near 190 °C and above this temperature the thermal decomposition occurred in two stages. Complexes of [Mn(HCm)2]Cl2, [Co(Cm)2]Cl2 and [Ni(Cm)2]Cl2 showed a similar behavior. The pyrolytic decomposition occurred in two stages at temperatures above 250 oC. A residue for each complex was detected at the end of the decomposition process. This probably corresponds to the respective metal oxide

Estudo da estabilidade do complexo ácido fítico e o íon Ni(II) Study of stability of phytic acid with Ni(II) complex

A técnica de titulação potenciométrica foi utilizada para verificar as propriedades ácida-base do ácido fítico [1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaquis(dihidrogenofosfato)-mio-inositol] e do complexo ácido fítico e Ni(II), em solução aquosa, em temperatura e força iônica constantes. Para avaliar o comportamento térmico e a complexação do ácido fítico com o íon Ni(II) foram realizadas análises de Termogravimetria (TG), Termogravimetria Derivada (DTG), Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC) e estudos de Espectrofotometria de Infravermelho. Foram obtidas oito constantes de protonação da amostra de ácido fítico na forma de sal de dipotássio e sete constantes de estabilidade do complexo ácido fítico e Ni(II). As reações de protonação e de formação ocorrem na faixa de pH de 2,0 a 11,0. Os dados obtidos mostram que o ácido fítico encontra-se totalmente deprotonado em pH 12,0 no qual a espécie ML (um ligante para um íon metálico) encontra-se totalmente formada no mesmo valor de pH. Os resultados obtidos por TG e DSC revelaram tanto para o ácido fítico como para o complexo boa estabilidade até a temperatura próxima a 200ºC. Por TG, DTG e DSC conclui-se também que a estequiometria do complexo estudado foi de um mol de ligante para um mol de íon metálico. A Espectrofotometria de Infravermelho comprovou a estabilidade do ácido fítico e a sua interação com o íon Ni(II).<br>The technique of potenciometric titration was used to verify the acid-basic properties of the phytic acid, [1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate)-myo-inositol] and the Phytic Acid-Ni(II) complex, in aqueous solution, in constant temperature and ionic strength. To evaluate the thermal behavior end complexation of the isolated phytic acid with the Ni(II) were performed analyses of thermogravimetry (TG), calorimetric scanning differential (DSC) and studies Spectroscopy Infrared (IR). Eight protonation constants of the phytic acid sample as dipotassium salt were determined and seven complex stabilization constants Phytic Acid-Ni(II) sample. The protonation and formation reactions occur within a pH of 2.0 and 11.0. The data obtained show that the phytic acid is totally deprotonate at pH 12.0. The result also shows that the ML species of the complex (one ligand and one metal ion) it totally meets formed in you same value of pH. TG, DTG and DSC techniques reveal that phytic acid as well as the complex had good stability up to 200ºC. The obtained data permitted establish the stoichiometry 1:1 of this complex in the solid state. The Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) proved the stability of the phytic acid and it's interaction with Ni(II)

Equilibrium, Thermoanalytical and Spectroscopic Studies to Characterize Phytic Acid Complexes with Mn(II) and Co(II)

Estudos potenciométricos foram realizados para determinar o grau de ligação do ácido fítico com os íons Co(II) e o Mn(II), na ausência de dioxigênio. As constantes de equilíbrio para as principais espécies formadas são relatadas, e os resultados são representados na forma de diagramas de distribuição mostrando a concentração individual dos complexos como uma função do pH. , was totally formed at pH 7.0 and the complexes were synthesized from this data. A solid state complex of Mn(II) and Co(II) with phytic acid was synthesized. Thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate and characterize the thermal behavior of these compounds. The results led to information on the composition, dehydration, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the isolated complexes

Thermal stability and thermal decomposition of sucralose

Several papers have been described on the thermal stability of the sweetener, C12H19Cl3O8 (Sucralose). Nevertheless no study using thermoanalytical techniques was found in the literature. Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy, have been used to study the thermal stability and thermal decomposition of sweetener.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Equilibrium, thermoanalytical and spectroscopic studies to characterize phytic acid complexes with Mn(II) and Co(II)

Potentiometric studies were carried out to determine the binding degree of phytic acid with Co(II) and Mn(II) ions, in the absence of dioxygen. Equilibrium constants for all major complexes formed are reported, and the results are presented in the form of distribution diagrams showing the concentrations of individual complexes as a function of pH. The formation constants of the complexes show higher values for the species in which the ligand was more deprotonated. Potentiometric data indicates that the species [MH(4)L](6-), was totally formed at pH 7.0 and the complexes were synthesized from this data. A solid state complex of Mn(II) and Co(II) with phytic acid was synthesized. Thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate and characterize the thermal behavior of these compounds. The results led to information on the composition, dehydration, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the isolated complexes

Thermal behavior studies of solid state compounds of 4-dimethylaminocinnamylidenepyruvate with alkali earth metals, except beryllium and radium

Foram preparados no estado sólido, compostos de fórmula geral M(DMCP)2 nH2O, em que M representa Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; DMCP é 4-dimetilaminocinamalpiruvato e n = 1, exceto para o Ca onde n = 2,5. Na caracterização, bem como no estudo da decomposição térmica desses compostos, foram utilizados a termogravimetria, termogravimetria derivada (TG, DTG), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), difração de raios-X pelo método do pó e complexometria.Solid state compounds of general formula M(DMCP)2.nH2O, where M represents Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and DMCP is 4-dimethylaminocinnamylidenepyruvate, and n = 1, except for Ca, where n = 2.5, have been prepared. Thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry (TG, DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction powder patterns and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal decomposition of these compounds.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Thermoanalytical study of the complexes of 4-dimetilaminocinnamylidenepiruvate with manganese (II), cobalt (II), nickel (II), cupper (II), zinc (II) and lead (II), in the solid state

Os compostos dos 4-dimetilaminocinamalpyruvatos (4-DMCP) de Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) e Pb (II) foram preparados. Estes compostos foram estudados pelas técnicas termoanaliticas: termogravimetria (TG), termogravimetria derivada (DTG), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), difratometria de raios - X pelo método do pó e titulação complexométrica com EDTA. Através dos resultados obtidos pela titulação complexométrica com EDTA, TG, DTG e DSC foi possível estabelecer o grau de hidratação, estequiometria e estabilidade térmica dos compostos preparados.Solid state compounds M-4-DMCP, where 4-DMCP is 4-dimethylaminocinnamylidenepyruvate and M represents Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Pb (II) were prepared. These compounds were studied by thermoanalitycal techniques: thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction powder patterns and complexometric titration with EDTA. From the results obtained by the complexometric titration with EDTA, TG, DTG and DSC curves, was possible to establish the hydration degree, stoichiometry and thermal stability of the prepared compounds.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Morphological and Thermoanalytical Study of Modified Avocado Seeds Starch with Lactic Acid

Avocado seeds starch was investigated after the modification with lactic acid using thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. After the modification, there was a decrease in the thermal stability of the starch, also the parameters measured by differential scanning calorimetry showed lower values. There was no difference in the morphology of the granules, which presented an oval and rounded shape