Ya Basta: and Other Stories

Ya Basta: and Other Stories is collection of short stories that covers a breadth of experiences, cultures, genres, and realities

CC‐BY: Is There Such a Thing as Too Open in Open Access?

Support and demand for researchers to publish in open access (OA) journals has been growing steadily among funding agencies, research organizations, and institutions of higher education. The Wellcome Trust and the Research Councils UK OA policies have begun imposing more finite restrictions, like publishing only under CC‐BY licenses, on researchers. CC‐BY, or Creative Commons Attribution, is one of several, and the most open, of all creative commons licensing. It most closely embodies the definition of OA, as established by the Berlin Declaration and Bethesda Statement on Open Access, by allowing for the most reuse, including the unrestricted creation of derivatives. Scholars have voiced concern that CC‐BY may not be the best license for all disciplines. Libraries, as OA publishers, custodians of institutional repositories, facilitators of scholarly research, and organizers of information, are well‐positioned to enhance a discussion on balancing the needs of scholars for minimum control over their work with the goal of OA publishing to most widely disseminate information and scholarship to the public without barriers of country, class, access, or financing

Boric Acid Disturbs Cell Wall Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Boric acid (BA) has broad antimicrobial activity that makes it a popular treatment for yeast vaginitis in complementary and alternative medicine. In the model yeast S. cerevisiae, BA disturbs the cytoskeleton at the bud neck and impairs the assembly of the septation apparatus. BA treatment causes cells to form irregular septa and leads to the synthesis of irregular cell wall protuberances that extend far into the cytoplasm. The thick, chitin-rich septa that are formed during BA exposure prevent separation of cells after abscission and cause the formation of cell chains and clumps. As a response to the BA insult, cells signal cell wall stress through the Slt2p pathway and increase chitin synthesis, presumably to repair cell wall damage

Spontaneous Follicular Exclusion of SHP1-deficient B Cells Is Conditional on the Presence of Competitor Wild-type B Cells

Engagement of antigen receptors on mature B lymphocytes is known to block cell entry into lymphoid follicles and promote accumulation in T cell zones, yet the molecular basis for this change in cell distribution is not understood. Previous studies have shown that follicular exclusion requires a threshold level of antigen receptor engagement combined with occupancy of follicles by B cells without equivalent receptor engagement. The possibility has been raised that follicular composition affects B cell positioning by altering the amount of available antigen and the degree of receptor occupancy. Here we show that follicular composition affects migration of mature B cells under conditions that are independent of antigen receptor occupancy. B cells deficient in the negative regulatory protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP1, which have elevated intracellular signaling by the B cell receptor, are shown to accumulate in the T zone in the absence of their specific antigen. Follicular exclusion of SHP1–deficient B cells was found to be conditional on the presence of excess B cells that lack elevated intracellular signaling, and was not due to a failure of SHP-1–deficient cells to mature and express the follicle-homing chemokine receptor Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1. These findings strongly suggest that signals that are negatively regulated by SHP1 promote B cell localization in T cell zones by reducing competitiveness for follicular entry, and provide further evidence that follicular composition influences the positioning of antigen-engaged B cells

Composition Operators and Endomorphisms

If $b$ is an inner function, then composition with $b$ induces an endomorphism, $\beta$, of $L^\infty(\mathbb{T})$ that leaves $H^\infty(\mathbb{T})$ invariant. We investigate the structure of the endomorphisms of $B(L^2(\mathbb{T}))$ and $B(H^2(\mathbb{T}))$ that implement $\beta$ through the representations of $L^\infty(\mathbb{T})$ and $H^\infty(\mathbb{T})$ in terms of multiplication operators on $L^2(\mathbb{T})$ and $H^2(\mathbb{T})$. Our analysis, which is based on work of R. Rochberg and J. McDonald, will wind its way through the theory of composition operators on spaces of analytic functions to recent work on Cuntz families of isometries and Hilbert $C^*$-modules