Fermi's golden rule in a mesoscopic metal ring

We examine the time-dependent non-equilibrium current in a mesoscopic metal ring threaded by a static magnetic flux phi that is generated by a time-dependent electric field oscillating with frequency omega. We show that in quadratic order in the field there are three fundamentally different contributions to the current. (a) A time-independent contribution which can be obtained from a thermodynamic derivative. (b) A term increasing linearly in time that can be understood in terms of Fermi's golden rule. The derivation of this term requires a careful treatment of the infinitesimal imaginary parts that are added to the real frequency omega when the electric field is adiabatically switched on. (c) Finally, there is also a time-dependent current oscillating with frequency 2 omega. We suggest an experiment to test our results.Comment: this is an expanded and completely revised version of our withdrawn manuscript cond-mat/971230

A new modification of the chiron ACS assay for total prostate-specific antigen achieves equimolar response characteristics and improves the detection of prostate cancer

Nonequimolar-response assays for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are criticized for overestimating total PSA in some men without prostate cancer (PCA), and underestimating total PSA in some men with PCA. We recently studied three nonequimolar-response PSA assays that had undergone modifications. While two of the studied assays achieved equimolar-response characteristics with improved areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC), the modification of the Chiron ACS PSA assay (ACS PSA2, Chiron) failed to achieve this. Recently, the ACS assay underwent another modification (ACS PSA, Bayer), which we investigated. Sera from 305 men (155 without and 150 with PCA, PSA greater than or equal to2 and less than or equal to30 mug/l, TandemE) were measured using both modifications of the ACS assay and equimolar-response reference methods (TandemR free and Tandem E, Hybritech). Molar response relative to the reference method and clinical performance (comparison of AUCs) between the previous and new ACS assay modifications were studied. The new modification of the ACS assay (ACS PSA, Bayer) achieved equimolar-response characteristics but reported lower values (average 10%) than the Tandem E assay. Compared to the previous modification (ACS PSA2, Chiron), a 3% improvement in AUC (p=0.01) was found. Using results of the redesigned equimolar-response assay (ACS PSA, Bayer), we calculated that 6 of 155 men without PCA in this sample set could be spared unnecessary biopsy compared with the previous nonequimolar-response assay (ACS PSA2, Chiron) without missing additional PCA (90% sensitivity). These data provide additional evidence for clinical advantages of equimolar-response over nonequimolar-response PSA assay formats

Marketing und Soziale Arbeit. Mehrwert für dezidive und assistive Kunden und die soziale Einrichtung

As marketing is fairly unknown to social institutions or at least negatively connotated it is shown that the marketing perspective is beneficial for clients in social work settings as well as for the institution and society because the quality of services delievered will rise

Marketing und Soziale Arbeit. Mehrwert für dezidive und assistive Kunden und die soziale Einrichtung

As marketing is fairly unknown to social institutions or at least negatively connotated it is shown that the marketing perspective is beneficial for clients in social work settings as well as for the institution and society because the quality of services delievered will rise

EAU guidelines on prostate cancer

Objetivos: Presentar un resumen de la versión del 2007 de la guía de la Asociación Europea de Urología (EAU) para el cáncer de próstata (CaP). Métodos: Se realizó por un grupo de trabajo una revisión de los nuevos datos presentes desde 2004 hasta 2007 en la literatura. Las guías han sido actualizadas y el nivel de evidencia/grado de recomendación ha sido añadido al texto basándose en una revisión sistemática de la literatura, que incluía una búsqueda de las bases de datos online y revisiones bibliográficas. Resultados: Una versión completa está disponible en la EAU Office o en www.uroweb.org. El método diagnóstico de elección es la biopsia sistematizada de la próstata bajo control ecográfico. El tratamiento activo es el recomendado en la mayoría de los pacientes con enfermedad localizada y una larga esperanza de vida, siendo la prostatectomía radical superior a la vigilancia ("watchful waiting") en un ensayo randomizado prospectivo. La prostatectomía radical con preservación de bandeletas es la técnica de elección en la enfermedad órgano-confinada; el bloqueo androgénico neoadyuvante no ha demostrado una mejoría en las variables de resultados. La radioterapia debe realizarse con al menos 72 Gy en el CaP de bajo riesgo y con 78 Gy en el de intermedio - alto riesgo. El bloqueo androgénico en monoterapia es el estándar del tratamiento en el CaP metastásico; el bloqueo androgénico intermitente podría ser un tratamiento alternativo en pacientes seleccionados. El seguimiento se basa principalmente en los niveles de PSA y en la anamnesis específica de la enfermedad, estando las pruebas de imagen sólo indicadas cuando aparecen los síntomas. La quimioterapia con docetaxel ha surgido como el tratamiento de referencia para el CaP metastásico hormonorefractario. Conclusiones: El conocimiento en el campo del CaP está rápidamente cambiando. Estas guías de la EAU resumen los hallazgos más recientes y los aplican a la práctica clínica

The weak localization correction to the polarization and persistent currents in mesoscopic metal rings

We re-examine the effect of electron-electron interactions on the persistent current in mesoscopic metal rings threaded by an Aharonov-Bohm flux. The exchange contribution to the current is shown to be determined by the weak localization correction to the polarization. We explicitly calculate the contribution from exchange interactions with momentum transfers smaller than the inverse elastic mean free path to the average current, and find that it has the same order of magnitude as the {\it{canonical}} current without interactions. \\Comment: additional vertex correction taken into account: weak localization correction to the diffusion coefficient in the denominator changes final resul

Klimamigration: Definitionen, Ausmaß und politische Instrumente in der Diskussion

In zahlreichen Publikationen von Wissenschaftlern oder staatlichen und nicht-staatlichen Akteuren wurde bereits versucht, Klimamigration abzuschätzen und Handlungsinstrumente zu entwickeln. Bisher konnte jedoch weder eine verbindliche Definition gefunden werden, noch existieren Daten zum aktuellen oder möglicherweise zu erwartenden Ausmaß der Klimamigration. Das Interesse seitens der Politik und Öffentlichkeit an der Thematik ist groß. Klimatische Ereignisse beeinflussen Migrationsbewegungen, auf die Regierungen sowie die internationale Gemeinschaft reagieren müssen.A large number of publications by researchers or governmental and non-governmental entities have already tried to assess climate migration and develop instruments for action. However, so far neither an authoritative definition has been found, nor do data exist on the current or potentially likely dimensions of climate migration. Considerable interest in the topic has been expressed both by policymakers and by the public. Climatic events impact migratory movements, forcing governments and the international community to react