181 research outputs found
Precision Measurement of Vibrational Quanta in Tritium Hydride (HT)
Saturated absorption measurements of transitions in the (2-0) band of
radioactive tritium hydride (HT) are performed with the ultra-sensitive
NICE-OHMS intracavity absorption technique in the range 1460-1510 nm. The
hyperfine structure of rovibrational transitions of HT, in contrast to that of
HD, exhibits a single isolated hyperfine component, allowing for the accurate
determination of hyperfineless rovibrational transition frequencies, resulting
in R(0) = (22) kHz and R(1) = (21)
kHz. This corresponds to an accuracy three orders of magnitude better than
previous measurements in tritiated hydrogen molecules. Observation of an
isolated component in P(1) with reversed signal amplitude contradicts models
for line shapes in HD based on cross-over resonances.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, Accepte
Precision measurement of the fundamental vibrational frequencies of tritium-bearing hydrogen molecules: T, DT, HT
High-resolution coherent Raman spectroscopic measurements of all three
tritium-containing molecular hydrogen isotopologues T, DT and HT were
performed to determine the ground electronic state fundamental Q-branch () transition frequencies at accuracies of
cm. An over hundred-fold improvement in accuracy over previous
experiments allows the comparison with the latest ab initio calculations in the
framework of Non-Adiabatic Perturbation Theory including nonrelativisitic,
relativisitic and QED contributions. Excellent agreement is found between
experiment and theory, thus providing a verification of the validity of the
NAPT-framework for these tritiated species. While the transition frequencies
were corrected for ac-Stark shifts, the contributions of non-resonant
background as well as quantum interference effects between resonant features in
the nonlinear spectroscopy were quantitatively investigated, also leading to
corrections to the transition frequencies. Methods of saturated CARS with the
observation of Lamb dips, as well as the use of continuous-wave radiation for
the Stokes frequency were explored, that might pave the way for future
higher-accuracy CARS measurements.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure
Hysteresis effect due to the exchange Coulomb interaction in short-period superlattices in tilted magnetic fields
We calculate the ground-state of a two-dimensional electron gas in a
short-period lateral potential in magnetic field, with the Coulomb
electron-electron interaction included in the Hartree-Fock approximation. For a
sufficiently short period the dominant Coulomb effects are determined by the
exchange interaction. We find numerical solutions of the self-consistent
equations that have hysteresis properties when the magnetic field is tilted and
increased, such that the perpendicular component is always constant. This
behavior is a result of the interplay of the exchange interaction with the
energy dispersion and the spin splitting. We suggest that hysteresis effects of
this type could be observable in magneto-transport and magnetization
experiments on quantum-wire and quantum-dot superlattices.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, Revtex, to appear in Phys. Rev.
A pulsed, mono-energetic and angular-selective UV photo-electron source for the commissioning of the KATRIN experiment
The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the neutrino mass scale with a
sensitivity of 200 meV/c^2 (90% C.L.) by a precision measurement of the shape
of the tritium -spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of
the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. To determine
the transmission properties of the KATRIN main spectrometer, a mono-energetic
and angular-selective electron source has been developed. In preparation for
the second commissioning phase of the main spectrometer, a measurement phase
was carried out at the KATRIN monitor spectrometer where the device was
operated in a MAC-E filter setup for testing. The results of these measurements
are compared with simulations using the particle-tracking software
"Kassiopeia", which was developed in the KATRIN collaboration over recent
years.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, submitted to European Physical Journal
Magnetization in short-period mesoscopic electron systems
We calculate the magnetization of the two-dimensional electron gas in a
short-period lateral superlattice, with the Coulomb interaction included in
Hartree and Hartree-Fock approximations. We compare the results for a finite,
mesoscopic system modulated by a periodic potential, with the results for the
infinite periodic system. In addition to the expected strong exchange effects,
the size of the system, the type and the strength of the lateral modulation
leave their fingerprints on the magnetization.Comment: RevTeX4, 10 pages with 14 included postscript figures To be published
in PRB. Replaced to repair figure
Coulomb effects on the quantum transport of a two-dimensional electron system in periodic electric and magnetic fields
The magnetoresistivity tensor of an interacting two-dimensional electron
system with a lateral and unidirectional electric or magnetic modulation, in a
perpendicular quantizing magnetic field, is calculated within the Kubo
formalism. The influence of the spin splitting of the Landau bands and of the
density of states (DOS) on the internal structure of the Shubnikov-de Haas
oscillations is analyzed. The Coulomb electron - electron interaction is
responsible for strong screening and exchange effects and is taken into account
in a screened Hartree-Fock approximation, in which the exchange contribution is
calculated self-consistently with the DOS at the Fermi level. This
approximation describes both the exchange enhancement of the spin splitting and
the formation of compressible edge strips, unlike the simpler Hartree and
Hartree-Fock approximations, which yield either the one or the other.Comment: 20 pages, revtex, 7 ps figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
KATRIN background due to surface radioimpurities
The goal of the KArlsruhe TRItrium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is the determination of the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c at 90 % C.L.. This goal can only be achieved with a very low background level in the order of 10 mcps in the detector region of interest. A possible background source are α-decays on the inner surface of the KATRIN Main Spectrometer. Rydberg atoms, produced in sputtering processes accompanying the α-decays, are not influenced by electric or magnetic fields and freely propagate inside the vacuum of the Main Spectrometer. Here, they can be ionized by thermal radiation and the released electrons directly contribute to the KATRIN background. Two α-sources, Ra and Th, were installed at the Main Spectrometer with the purpose of temporarily increasing the background in order to study α-decay induced background processes. In this paper, we present a possible background generation mechanism and measurements performed with these two radioactive sources. Our results show a clear correlation between α-activity on the inner spectrometer surface and background from the volume of the spectrometer. Two key characteristics of the Main Spectrometer background – the dependency on the inner electrode offset potential, and the radial distribution – could be reproduced with this artificially induced background. These findings indicate a high contribution of α-decay induced events to the residual KATRIN background
Azbel-Hofstadter model on triangular lattice revisited
In the present paper, the mean of Lyapunov exponents for the Azbel-Hofstadter
model on the triangular lattice is calculated. It is recently proposed that
[Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 85}, 4920 (2000)], for the case of the square lattice,
this quantity can be related to the logarithm of the partition function of the
two dimensional Ising model and has a connection to the asymptotic bandwidth.
We find that the correspondence of this quantity to the logarithm of the
partition function of the two dimensional Ising model is not complete for the
triangular lattice. Moreover, the detailed connection between this quantity and
the asymptotic bandwidth is not valid. Thus the conclusions for the mean of
Lyapunov exponents suggested previously depend on the lattice geometry.Comment: RevTeX, 4 page, no figur
Hall conductance of Bloch electrons in a magnetic field
We study the energy spectrum and the quantized Hall conductance of electrons
in a two-dimensional periodic potential with perpendicular magnetic field
WITHOUT neglecting the coupling of the Landau bands. Remarkably, even for weak
Landau band coupling significant changes in the Hall conductance compared to
the one-band approximation of Hofstadter's butterfly are found. The principal
deviations are the rearrangement of subbands and unexpected subband
contributions to the Hall conductance.Comment: to appear in PRB; Revtex, 9 pages, 5 postscript figures; figures with
better resolution may be obtained from http://www.chaos.gwdg.d
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