A Gender Comparison of Former Agricultural Students\u27 Employment Experiences

Deepening shortages of highly qualified scientists, managers, and technical professionals seriously threaten American agriculture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree to which gender differences exist in former agricultural students\u27 acquiring employment in the agricultural industry after leaving college. Data were obtained using a 30 percent random sample (n=1,730) of students enrolled in 1977 at two major land-grant universities in the Southwest. A mail survey conducted in late 1986 resulted in 707 respondents. Male out-numbered female respondents 3 to 1, which was approximately the same enrollment ratio in 1977. Findings of the survey indicate that 9 out of every 10 respondents received a bachelor\u27s degree with some type of agricultural major. Twenty-three percent had attained graduate-level education and about 10 percent are currently in graduate and professional degree programs; almost half were or are involved with agricultural disciplines. Few respondents used university placement, administration, and faculty as sources for obtaining employment after graduation. Job changes subsequent to first employment after college were toward nonagricultural jobs. In the transition from education to employment attainment, women were disproportionately under-represented in agricultural-related jobs. Moreover, their employment outcomes conformed to traditional gender-defined career patterns

Light and electron microscopical observations of the effects of high-density lipoprotein on growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro

Author Posting. © Cambridge University Press, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of Cambridge University Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Parasitology 128 (2004): 577-584, doi:10.1017/S0031182004005025.Human serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is necessary and sufficient for the short-term maintenance of Plasmodium falciparum in in vitro culture. However, at high concentrations it is toxic to the parasite. A heat-labile component is apparently responsible for the stage-specific toxicity to parasites within infected erythrocytes 12–42 h after invasion, i.e. during trophozoite maturation. The effects of HDL on parasite metabolism (as determined by nucleic acid synthesis) are evident at about 30 h after invasion. Parasites treated with HDL show gross abnormalities by light and electron microscopy.Professor Hajduk was supported by NIH. Professor Day was supported by a Research Leave Fellowship from The Wellcome Trust. Dr Imrie and Ms Carter were supported by Programme Grant funding awarded to Professor Day from The Wellcome Trust. Dr Ferguson was supported by an equipment grant from The Wellcome Trust

Applying Quality Control Charts to the Analysis of Single-Subject Data Sequences

Techniques from the field of quality control can be used to classify the quality of individual samples of physical or cognitive performance. After stable baselines have been established for an individual, deviations in performance can be evaluated using control charts. The effectiveness of this approach in evaluating cognitive performance was tested using databases collected under a variety of risk factors. The sensitivity and specificity characteristics of Shewhart, cumulativesum (CUSUM), and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts were determined for a total of 174 trials involving 10 participants and 23 cognitive performance assessment measures. The most effective technique in each case was typically a function of the specific performance measure and the type of performance change being evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity for the best techniques were as high as 100%. This study demonstrated the usefulness of quality control charts as a tool to evaluate individual participant performance over time. Actual or potential applications of this research include readiness-to-perform screening of industrial workers in order to improve the health and safety of the workforce.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline