Immunoglobulin Haplotypes: Markers of Reproductive Success?

Immunoglobulin haplotypes are highly polymorphic and are useful for analyses o f both macro- and microdifferentiation of populations. The origins of this diversity are not known, but recent reports suggest strong selection at this locus. Increased rates of first-trimester spontaneous abortions have been reported when parents share GM phenotypes. Reduced fertility has been observed in mixed European descent white and Hutterite populations when both parents share immunoglobulin haplotypes. Population samples with completed family information and GM haplotype data are rare; the objective here is to provide this information on another sample. A sample of 242 Mennonite couples with mothers older than 40 years was divided into 3 groups of matings based on how many haplotypes were shared: 0, 1, or 2. The distribution of mean completed family sizes for the three groups were 3.35 ± 1.85 (n = 23), 3.47 ± 1.69 (n = 128), and 3.37 ± 1.60 (n = 91), respectively; these values were not significantly different (F = 0.145, p = 0.865). The log-rank test was used to compare the time-to-next-birth curves. The intervals between first and later births (2-4 births) were not significantly different for the three subgroups either. There is also only limited evidence for segregation distortion in another sample of 923 offspring (in which at least one parent is heterozygous)

Genetic Study of the Evens, an Ancient Human Population of Eastern Siberia

Three territorial subgroups of reindeer breeders, fishermen, and fur hunters living under conditions of partial isolation in remote parts of the Yakut ASSR, have been investigated with respect to polymorphic genetic systems. Analysis of covariance matrices containing allele frequencies in an array of 12 loci for a large sample of Evens, Nganasans, and reindeer Chukchi indicates that the genetic relationships support known phylogenetic, linguistic, and historical events

Allele frequencies of six highly polymorphic DNA loci in the Croatian population

The allele frequency distributions in a series of Croats were analyzed for six unlinked polymorphic DNA loci: THO1, FESFPS, VWA01, APOB, D1S80, and D17S5. The allele frequencies were determined for 100 unrelated genomic DNA samples. The observed heterozygote frequencies of the loci ranged from 0.63 to 0.76; however, the the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.68 to 0.82, with only D17S5 having a significant excess of homozygous phenotypes (p < 0.001). The excess homozygosity seen in the D17S5 system may be due to allelic drop-out and warrants further technical analysis of that system, given the uniform lack of significant deviation in the other five systems. The forensic usefulness of these systems can be measured using two different statistics: the power of discrimination and the likelihood of a coincidental match. The power of discrimination ranged from 0.85 to 0.94 for the 6 systems with the combined likelihood of a coincidental match based on these 6 systems of 1 in 3.6 million, or slightly less than the population of Croatia. A second, more conservative estimator of the likelihood of a match is based on the most common phenotype for each system. If someone had the most common phenotype for each of the 6 systems, the chance of a coincidental match would be approximately 1 in 64,000. For paternity testing the usefulness of a system is measured by the average power of exclusion or (1-power of exclusion), the random man not excluded. The average power of exclusion, based on observed heterozygosity, ranged from 0.33 to 0.53, and the average power of exclusion based on the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.39 to 0.64. The combined average power of exclusion was 99.2% for these 6 systems, using the expected heterozygosity. Based on the results of testing these six systems, there is no significant substructuring within the southern Croatian populations, and these systems provide a useful tool for forensic, paternity, and anthropological applications

Allele Frequencies of Six Highly Polymorphic DNA Loci in the Croatian Population

The allele frequency distributions in a series of Croats were analyzed for six unlinked polymorphic DNA loci: THOl, FESFPS, VWA01, APOB, D1S80, and D17S5. The allele frequencies were determined for 100 unrelated genomic DNA samples. The observed heterozygote frequencies of the loci ranged from 0.63 to 0.76; however, the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.68 to 0.82, with only D17S5 having a significant excess of homozygous phenotypes (p \u3c 0.001). The excess homozygosity seen in the D17S5 system may be due to allelic drop-out and warrants further technical analysis of that system, given the uniform lack of significant deviation in the other five systems. The forensic usefulness of these systems can be measured using two different statistics: the power of discrimination and the likelihood of a coincidental match. The power of discrimination ranged from 0.85 to 0.94 for the 6 systems with the combined likelihood of a coincidental match based on these 6 systems of 1 in 3.6 million, or slightly less than the population of Croatia. A second, more conservative estimator of the likelihood of a match is based on the most common phenotype for each system. If someone had the most common phenotype for each of the 6 systems, the chance of a coincidental match would be approximately 1 in 64,000. For paternity testing the usefulness of a system is measured by the average power of exclusion or (1 — power of exclusion), the random man not excluded. The average power of exclusion, based on observed heterozygosity, ranged from 0.33 to 0.53, and the average power of exclusion based on the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.39 to 0.64. The combined average power of exclusion was 99.2% for these 6 systems, using the expected heterozygosity. Based on the results of testing these six systems, there is no significant substructuring within the southern Croatian populations, and these systems provide a useful tool for forensic, paternity, and anthropological applications