134 research outputs found
A májbiopszia értéke krónikus hepatitisben = The value of liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis
A máj tűbiopsziája jelentĹ‘s szerepet játszott a krĂłnikus hepatitis kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ formáinak, a gyulladás aktivitásának Ă©s a fibrosis mĂ©rtĂ©kĂ©nek meghatározásában. Az Ăşgynevezett Knodell-fĂ©le hisztolĂłgiai aktivitási index (HAI) áttörĂ©st jelentett az Ă©rtĂ©kelĂ©sben, kifejezve a folyamat dinamikáját Ă©s a terápiára adott válasz szövettani sajátosságait. A HAI számos mĂłdosĂtása ismeretes, amelyek közĂĽl a Desmet, Ishak által használt, valamint a METAVIR rendszer a legelterjedtebb. Ezen számszerű Ă©rtĂ©kelĂ©sek kĂĽlön vizsgálják a necroinflammatiĂłt Ă©s a fibrosis mĂ©rtĂ©kĂ©t, azaz a krĂłnikus hepatitis fokozatát („grade”) Ă©s „stádiumát” (stage). A fibrosis megĂtĂ©lĂ©se az utĂłbbi idĹ‘ben vita tárgya, mivel a lerakĂłdott kötĹ‘szövet (kollagĂ©nrostok, extracelluláris mátrix) mennyisĂ©ge nem azonosĂthatĂł egyĂ©rtelműen a krĂłnikus hepatitis „stádiumával”. A kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ Ăşj terápiás gyĂłgyszerek, kiemelten a hepatitis C-vĂrus egyes nem strukturális fehĂ©rjĂ©i elleni szerek (proteáz- Ă©s polimerázgátlĂłk) hatásának lemĂ©rĂ©sĂ©ben továbbra is a máj szövettani vizsgálata a döntĹ‘. MegállapĂthatĂł azonban, hogy a májbiopszia vĂ©gzĂ©se az utĂłbbi Ă©vekben inkább szelektĂv, semmint rutineljárássá vált. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 856–858.
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Liver needle biopsies played important role in determining the various forms of chronic hepatitis, the activity of inflammation and the degree of fibrosis. A breakthrough in their evaluation was provided by the so-called Knodell Histology Activity Index (HAI) system, which expressed the dynamics of the process and histological characteristics of therapy response. The HAI system underwent several modifications, the most widely used being the Desmet, Ishak modifications as well as the METAVIR scoring system. These systems examine necroinflammation and degree of fibrosis separately, namely the grade and stage of chronic hepatitis. Determination of fibrosis has become the subject of discussion lately, since the amount of connective tissue deposition (collagen fiber, extracellular matrix) is not clearly identifiable with the stage of chronic hepatitis. Histological evaluation of the liver remains decisive in determining the effect of the various new therapeutic drugs, in particular the protease and polymerase inhibitors of certain nonstructural proteins of the hepatitis C virus. It can be established however, that in recent years liver biopsies have become rather a selective than routine technique. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 856–858
The effect of 2,4-D-containing herbicide (Dikonirt) on the ultrastructure of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) liver cells
Virális antigének, növekedési faktorok és adhéziós molekulák szerepe a krónikus hepatitis progressziójában = The role of viral antigens, growth factors and adhesion molecules in the progression of chronic hepatitis
A munka cĂ©lja egyes hepatotrop vĂrusok, kiemelten a hepatitis C vĂrus (HCV) májkárosodást okozĂł pathomechanizmusának Ă©s a vĂrus szerepĂ©nek tanulmányozása volt. Igazoltuk, hogy a Magyarországon legnagyobb arányban elĹ‘fordulĂł HCV1b genotĂpus a fertĹ‘zöttek 70%-ában steatosissal jár. A máj steatosisa kockázati tĂ©nyezĹ‘ a krĂłnikus hepatitis C (CH-C) progressziĂłjában. A steatosis fokozatának beĂ©pĂtĂ©se a hisztolĂłgiai aktivitási indexbe prognosztikailag fontos Ă©s korrelál az ALT szint emelkedĂ©ssel. Több munkánkban rámutattunk a hepatitis B Ă©s C vĂrus indukált hepatocarcinogenesis kĂĽlönbözĹ‘sĂ©gĂ©re, Ă©s ebben a virális Ă©s gazdasejt faktorok szerepĂ©re. A sejtkapcsolĂł molekulák közĂĽl kiemelten a claudinokat vizsgálva igazoltuk, hogy az emelkedett claudin-4 expressziĂł elkĂĽlönĂti a cholangiocellularis Ă©s hepatocellularis carcinomákat, ugyanis az utĂłbbiakban nem expresszálĂłdik. A claudin-1 Ă©s -2 a fetális Ă©s embrionális komponenseket elkĂĽlönĂti hepatoblastomában, mely differenciál diagnosztikus Ă©rtĂ©kű. Igazoltuk, hogy a hepatikus Ĺ‘ssejtek matrilin-2-t, ezen fontos matrix proteint termelik, mely rĂ©szt vesz a májkárosodást követĹ‘ szerkezet reorganizáciĂłjában, Ă©s a máj fibrotikus folyamataiban lĂ©nyeges tĂ©nyezĹ‘. | The aim of the study was to investigate the pathomechanism and role of certain hepatotropic viruses causing liver damage, with special emphasis on the hepatitis C virus (HCV). We proved that the HCV1b genotype - the most frequent in Hungary - is associated with steatosis in 70% of those infected and is a risk factor in the progression of chronic hepatitis C (CH-C). From the viewpoint of prognosis, it is important to include the degree of steatosis in the histological activity index since it was found to correlate with the elevation of the ALT level. In our studies we have emphasized the differences between heptitis B and C virus induced hepatocarcinogenesis and have also thrown light on the role of viral and host cell factors. From the cell junction molecules, our studies have prominently focused on the claudins, finding that high claudin-4 expression differentiates cholangiocellular from hepatocellular carcinomas, since it is not expressed in the latter. Further, we have found claudin-1 and -2 to differentiate between the fetal and embryonal components in hepatoblastomas, which bears differential diagnostic significance. Based on our studies it has gained proof that hepatic stem cells produce the important matrix protein: matrilin-2, which has been noted to take part in the structural reorganization following liver damage and is an essential factor in the fibrotic processes of the liver
A hepatocellularis carcinoma - a makroszkópiától a molekuláris patológiáig
A hepatocellularis carcinoma (HCC) igen rossz prognĂłzisĂş daganat, azonban diagnosztikája Ă©s kezelĂ©se terĂĽletĂ©n az utĂłbbi Ă©vekben jelentĹ‘s elĹ‘rehaladás törtĂ©nt. Mindehhez hozzájárult a HCC molekuláris patogenezisĂ©nek mĂ©lyebb megismerĂ©se. A cirrhosis talaján kialakult HCC praemalignus elváltozásai a nagy regeneratĂv nodulus, az alacsony („low”) Ă©s magas („high”) fokozatĂş diszplasztikus nodulus. MikroszkĂłposan a WHO trabecularis (micro-, macrotrabecularis), acinaris (pseudoglandularis,), scirrhosus Ă©s szolid formát kĂĽlönĂt el, speciális altĂpuskĂ©nt a világos sejtes, fibrolamellaris Ă©s kevert cholangiohepatocellularis szöveti forma ismert. Ezen szövettani tĂpusok prognosztikai jelentĹ‘sĂ©ge vitatott. A fibrolamellaris, fiatalokban elĹ‘fordulĂł, nem cirrhoticus HCC-t jobb prognĂłzisĂşnak tartják, bár valĂłszĂnű, hogy ez annak a következmĂ©nye, hogy ezen tĂpust cirrhosis nem kĂsĂ©ri. A diagnĂłzist segĂthetik egyes, a szĂ©rumban Ă©s a daganatban is kimutathatĂł tumormarkerek, Ăgy a jĂłl ismert alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) mellett a glipikán-3 Ă©s a survivin, az Ăşjabban leĂrt agrin Ă©s claudinok, valamint a májsejteredetet bizonyĂtĂł hepatocytaspecifikus antigĂ©n (HSA). Ăšjabban az Ăşgynevezett mikro-RNS-ek diagnosztikus jelentĹ‘sĂ©ge, elsĹ‘sorban a májsejtspecifikus mir-122-Ă© is felmerĂĽlt. A HCC molekuláris osztályozása, a kezelĂ©s irányait is megszabĂł barcelonai beosztás (BCLC) mellett, kulcsfontosságĂş molekuláris eltĂ©rĂ©sek alapján csoportosĂtja a HCC-t. Számos olyan molekuláris alteráciĂł Ă©szlelhetĹ‘, amely minden HCC-ben megfigyelhetĹ‘, mĂg egyes eltĂ©rĂ©sek csak bizonyos tumorokban detektálhatĂłk.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a tumor with rather bad prognosis. Recent years, however, have seen considerable progress in the diagnostics and treatment of this disease, contributing to better understanding of its molecular pathogenesis. Large regenerative nodules, low and high grade dysplastic nodules are premalignant alterations of HCC developing on the grounds of cirrhosis. Microscopically the WHO distinguishes trabecular, acinar (pseudoglandular), scirrhous and solid forms. Special histological subtypes are the clear cell, fibrolamellar and mixed hepato-cholangiocellular variants. The prognostic significance of these histological types is argued. The fibrolamellar, non-cirrhotic form of HCC occurring in young age is considered to be of better prognosis, but this is probably due to the fact that this type is not accompanied by cirrhosis. Certain tumor markers may help the diagnosis, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), glypican-3, survivin, the recently described agrin and claudins, furthermore, the hepatocyte specific antigen (HSA), which confirms the hepatocytic origin of the tumor. Recently, the diagnostic significance of microRNAs, primarily of the hepatocyte-specific mir122 has also emerged. In addition to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging classification which determines the course of therapy, the molecular classification of HCC is based on key molecular alterations, many of which are observable in all HCC cases, whereas some alterations are only detectable in certain tumors
Rising plasma nociceptin level during development of HCC: A case report
AIM: Although liver cirrhosis is a predisposing factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), relatively few reports are available on HCC in primary biliary cirrhosis. High plasma nociceptin (N/OFQ) level has been shown in Wilson disease and in patients with acute and chronic pain.
METHODS: We report a follow-up case of HCC, which developed in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis. The tumor appeared 18 years after the diagnosis of PBC and led to death within two years. Alfa fetoprotein and serum nociceptin levels were monitored before and during the development of HCC. Nociceptin content was also measured in the tumor tissue.
RESULTS: The importance and the curiosity of the presented case was the novel finding of the progressive elevation of plasma nociceptin level up to 17-fold (172 pg/mL) above the baseline (9.2 +/- 1.8 pg/mL) parallel with the elevation of alpha fetoprotein (from 13 ng/mL up to 3 480 ng/mL) during tumor development. Nociceptin content was more than 15-fold higher in the neoplastic tissue (0.16 pg/mg) than that in the tumor-free liver tissue samples (0.01 pg/mg) taken during the autopsy.
CONCLUSION: Results are in concordance with our previous observation that a very high plasma nociceptin level may be considered as an indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma
A hepatitis C patológiája
Absztrakt
A hepatitis C-vĂrus a FlavivĂrusok, ezen belĂĽl a HepacivĂrus genusba tartozĂł
RNS-vĂrus. A fertĹ‘zöttek több mint 80%-ában krĂłnikus hepatitis, cirrhosis Ă©s
ennek talaján májrák alakulhat ki. A hepatitis C-vĂrus okozta hepatitis
hisztolĂłgiai kĂ©pe hasonlĂł az egyĂ©b hepatotrop vĂrusok okozta májgyulladás
képéhez, azonban néhány speciális jellegzetesség a szöveti képben megfigyelhető.
ĂŤgy kĂĽlönösen gyakori az intenzĂv lymphocytás portalis infiltráciĂł, a steatosis
Ă©s az epeĂşti eltĂ©rĂ©sek. A hepatitis egyĂ©b jellemzĹ‘i, Ăgy a májsejtpusztulás
(apoptózis, necrosis), periportalis gyulladás, fibrosis a hepatitis
C-vĂrus-fertĹ‘zĂ©st követĹ‘en is Ă©szlelhetĹ‘k, amelynek mĂ©rtĂ©kĂ©t az Ăşgynevezett
hisztolĂłgiai aktivitási index segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel határozhatjuk meg. A hepatitis
C-vĂrus genom- Ă©s vĂrusreplikáciĂłs mechanizmusának a megismerĂ©se alapozta meg a
modern, direkt hatású szerek alkalmazását a krónikus hepatitis C kezelésében.
Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(21), 836–839
Eltérések a májbetegségek mikro-RNS-expressziós mintázatában = Alterations in microRNA expression patterns in liver diseases
Az utĂłbbi Ă©vekben egyre nagyobb Ă©rdeklĹ‘dĂ©s övezi a mikro-RNS-eket, a gĂ©nexpressziĂłt többnyire negatĂvan szabályozĂł rövid RNS-molekulákat, amelyekbĹ‘l mintegy 1000-fĂ©le ismert jelenleg. Kimutatták, hogy a mikro-RNS-ek expressziĂłja patolĂłgiás állapotokban megváltozik a normális szinthez kĂ©pest, ezĂ©rt ezt eredmĂ©nyesen lehetne alkalmazni a betegsĂ©gek pontosabb diagnosztizálásában. Májban azonosĂtottak egy májszövetre igen karakterisztikus, a hepatocyták működĂ©sĂ©hez szĂĽksĂ©ges mikro-RNS-tĂpust (miR-122), amelynek expressziĂłs szintje májsĂ©rĂĽlĂ©s következtĂ©ben általában csökken. BiomarkerkĂ©nt valĂł alkalmazása is felvetĹ‘dik, mivel acetaminofen indukálta toxicitás során a miR-122 szintje csökken a májszövetben, ugyanakkor növekszik a plazmában, sĹ‘t, plazmábĂłl a hagyományos májfunkciĂłs enzimteszteknĂ©l Ă©rzĂ©kenyebb kimutatást tesz lehetĹ‘vĂ©. A miR-122-expressziĂł szintĂ©n csökkenĹ‘ tendenciát mutat a karcinogenezis progressziĂłjával. Emellett stimulálja a hepatitis C-vĂrus replikáciĂłját Ă©s transzláciĂłját, valamint befolyásolja az interferonterápia eredmĂ©nyessĂ©gĂ©t. Ăšjabban számos olyan további mikro-RNS vált ismerttĂ©, amelyek speciális mintázatának jellegzetes változása Ăşgy tűnik, hogy jellemez egyes kĂłros folyamatokat. A cikk összefoglalja a gyĂłgyszer Ă©s alkohol indukálta, a nem alkoholos eredetű májbetegsĂ©gek, fibrosis, hepatitisvĂrus-fertĹ‘zĂ©sek, cirrhosis Ă©s hepatocellularis carcinoma során tapasztalt jelentĹ‘sebb miRNS-változásokat. Orv. Hetil,
45,
1843–1853.
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In the past few years there has been growing interest for a type of short RNAs called microRNAs, which are involved in the regulation of gene expression mainly in a negative way. There are about 1000 known microRNA today. It has been demonstrated that expression level of microRNA may become altered from normal to diseased state, thus microRNAs could be employed as a reliable tool in the diagnosis of diseases. A liver-characteristic microRNA (miR-122) needed for functioning hepatocytes has been identified, which usually shows a decreased expression level upon liver injury. miR-122 has been suggested as a biomarker since it was downregulated in the liver tissue upon acetaminophen-induced toxicity and in turn elevated miR-122 level was detected in the plasma. Moreover, miR-122 level in the plasma was found to be more sensitive as compared with conventional assays based on the release of liver enzymes. Also, miR-122 expression tends to decrease as carcinogenesis progresses. In addition, miR-122 enhances the replication of hepatitis C virus and its level seems to influence the efficiency of interferon therapy. Nowadays, many microRNAs are known whose distinctive alterations in their specific patterns seem to characterize individual pathological processes. In this article, the major alterations in microRNA expression patterns in liver diseases such as drug- and alcohol-induced liver diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, fibrosis, viral infections (hepatitis), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are summarized. Orv. Hetil,
45,
1843–1853
Induction and peroxisomal appearance of gulonolactone oxidase upon clofibrate treatment in mouse liver
AbstractVarious antihyperlipemic peroxisome proliferators are known to be carcinogenic in rodents but not in human, other primates and guinea pig, which species lost their ability to synthesize ascorbate due to mutations in the gulonolactone oxidase gene. Ascorbate synthesis is accompanied by H2O2 production, consequently its induction can be potentially harmful; therefore, the in vivo effect of the peroxisome proliferator clofibrate was investigated on gulonolactone oxidase expression in mouse liver. Liver weights and peroxisomal protein contents were increased upon clofibrate treatment. Elevated plasma ascorbate concentrations were found in clofibrate-treated mice due to the higher microsomal gulonolactone oxidase activities. Remarkable gulonolactone oxidase activity appeared in the peroxisomal fraction upon the treatment. Increased activity of the enzyme was associated with an elevation of its mRNA level. According to the present results the evolutionary loss of gulonolactone oxidase may contribute to the explanation of the missing carcinogenic effect of peroxisome proliferators in humans
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