Negative Veränderungen von Zielorientierungen über Schülergenerationen hinweg : ein 10-Jahresvergleich der SELLMO

Zusammenfassung. Es gibt Belege dafür, dass Lehrerinnen und Lehrer über Schülergenerationen hinweg ein Absinken der Motivation wahrnehmen ( Cocodia et al., 2003 ; Howard, 2001 ). In der vorliegenden Untersuchung überprüfen wir anhand zweier Eichstichproben, die im Abstand von 10 Jahren (2002 N = 3326 und 2012 N = 3057) zur Normierung der Skalen zur Erfassung der Lern- und Leistungsmotivation (SELLMO; Spinath, Stiensmeier-Pelster, Schöne &amp; Dickhäuser, 2002 , 2012) rekrutiert wurden, ob diese Wahrnehmung zutreffend ist. Entsprechend den Erwartungen zeigten sich für drei der vier Skalen negative Veränderungen der schulbezogenen Motivation. Im Jahr 2012 zeigten sich im Vergleich zu 2002 niedrigere Lernziele, höhere Vermeidungs-Leistungsziele sowie eine höhere Arbeitsvermeidung. Die Effekte sind in ihrer Stärke mit dem Flynn-Effekt vergleichbar. Implikationen der Befunde für weitere Forschung und die Praxis werden diskutiert. </jats:p

The ‘Wickedness’ of Governing Land Subsidence: Policy Perspectives From Urban Southeast Asia

Drawing on Jakarta, Metro Manila and Singapore as case studies, we explore the paradox of slow political action in addressing subsiding land, particularly along high-density urban coastlines with empirical insights from coastal geography, geodesy analysis, geology, and urban planning. In framing land subsidence as a classic ‘wicked’ policy problem, and also as a hybrid geological and anthropogenic phenomenon that is unevenly experienced across urban contexts, the paper uses a three-step analysis. First, satellite-derived InSAR maps are integrated with Sentinel-1A data in order to reveal the socio-temporal variability of subsidence rates which in turn pose challenges in uniformly applying regulatory action. Second, a multi-sectoral mapping of diverse policies and practices spanning urban water supply, groundwater extraction, land use zoning, building codes, tenurial security, and land reclamation reveal the extent to which the broader coastal governance landscape remains fragmented and incongruous, particularly in arresting a multi-dimensional phenomenon such as subsidence. Finally, in reference to distinct coastal identities of each city–the ‘Sinking Capital’ (Jakarta), ‘Fortress Singapore’, and the ‘Disaster Capital’ (Manila) the paper illustrates how land subsidence is portrayed across the three metropolises in markedly similar ways: as a reversible, quasi-natural, and/or a highly individualized problem

'Ein' Interview - 'Fünf' Interpretationsskizzen: Illustrationen unterschiedlicher Auswertungsstile im Rahmen einer exemplarischen Forschungswerkstatt

Der Beitrag berichtet über eine 'exemplarische Forschungswerkstatt', bei der die Illustration unterschiedlicher Auswertungsstile durch sie prägende Forscher im Vordergrund stand. Das Fallbeispiel betrifft den Zusammenhang von biographischen Erfahrungen und Studienwahl. Dabei ging es um das Einüben pädagogischen Verstehens und um die Illustration der jeweiligen Interpretationsmethoden. Im Anschluss an allgemeine Hinweise zu Zielen und methodischen Schritten der Auswertungsstrategien folgt jeweils eine Zusammenfassung der inhaltlichen Aspekte, die für die jeweilige Interpretation zentral sind. Die vorgestellten Ansätze sind die Lebensweltorientierte Rekonstruktion, Grounded Theory mit Computerunterstützung, die Kasuistische Interpretation, die Objektive Hermeneutik sowie die Biographieanalyse. Eine vergleichende Bilanzierung der verschiedenen Interpretationsskizzen zeigt Überschneidungen und Differenzen in den Resultaten. Dabei geht es darum, wie die Interpreten die biographische Perspektive und den Zusammenhang von Biographie und Studienwahl rekonstruieren. (ICE2

Myeloid-Specific Deletion of Diacylglycerol Lipase α Inhibits Atherogenesis in ApoE-Deficient Mice.

BACKGROUND:The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a known modulator of inflammation. Despite its high concentration in vascular tissue, the role of 2-AG in atherogenesis has not yet been examined. METHODS:ApoE-deficient mice were sublethally irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow from mice with a myeloid-specific knockout of the 2-AG synthesising enzyme diacylglycerol lipase α (Dagla) or control bone marrow with an intact 2-AG biosynthesis. After a cholesterol-rich diet for 8 weeks, plaque size and plaque morphology were examined in chimeric mice. Circulating inflammatory cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Aortic tissue and plasma levels of endocannabinoids were measured using liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring. RESULTS:Mice with Dagla-deficient bone marrow and circulating myeloid cells showed a significantly reduced plaque burden compared to controls. The reduction in plaque size was accompanied by a significantly diminished accumulation of both neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of Dagla-deficient mice. Moreover, CB2 expression and the amount of oxidised LDL within atherosclerotic lesions was significantly reduced. FACS analyses revealed that levels of circulating inflammatory cells were unaltered in Dagla-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS:Myeloid synthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-AG appears to promote vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. Thus, myeloid-specific disruption of 2-AG synthesis may represent a potential novel therapeutic strategy against atherosclerosis

Catalytic oxidation of small organic molecules by cold plasma in solution in the presence of molecular iron complexes†

The plasma-mediated decomposition of volatile organic compounds has previously been investigated in the gas phase with metal oxides as heterogeneous catalysts. While the reactive species in plasma itself are well investigated, very little is known about the influence of metal catalysts in solution. Here, we present initial investigations on the time-dependent plasma-supported oxidation of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and phenol in the presence of molecular iron complexes $\textit {in solution}$. Products were identified by HPLC, ESI-MS, FT-IR, and $^{1}\textbf {H NMR}$ spectroscopy. Compared to metal-free oxidation of the substrates, which is caused by reactive oxygen species and leads to a mixture of products, the metal-mediated reactions lead to one product cleanly, and faster than in the metal-free reactions. Most noteworthy, even catalytic amounts of metal complexes induce these clean transformations. The findings described here bear important implications for plasma-supported industrial waste transformations, as well as for plasma-mediated applications in biomedicine, given the fact that iron is the most abundant redox-active metal in the human body