Polanyi in Brussels? Embeddedness and the three dimensions of European economic integration

In a recent article, Caporaso and Tarrow have argued that the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) is increasingly moving in a social policy direction that will ultimately put European politics on a 'Polanyian' course. We take issue with their claim and distinguish three dimensions of European economic and social integration: market-correcting integration, market-enforcing integration, and the creation of a European area of nondiscrimination, the latter consisting of two subdimensions, namely nondiscrimination on the basis of characteristics such as gender, age, and ethnic origin, on the one hand, and nondiscriminatory transnational access to the social security systems of the member states, on the other. Increased heterogeneity among European varieties of capitalism perpetuates the different ranges and speeds of these integration dimensions. We conclude that the Polanyi-in-Brussels hypothesis is misleading. Politically enforced social integration has not made much progress in the last decades, while market-enforcing integration and European nondiscrimination policies have asymmetrically profited from 'integration through law.' So far, the impact of European integration on political economy has been Hayekian rather than Polanyian. -- Jüngst haben Caporaso und Tarrow argumentiert, die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs (EuGH) weise zunehmend soziale Züge auf und führe dazu, dass die europäische Integration eine 'Polanyische' Richtung einnehme. Wir wenden uns gegen diese These und unterscheiden drei Dimensionen der europäischen Wirtschafts- und Sozialintegration: die marktkorrigierende Integration, die marktschaffende Inte�gration und die Schaffung eines europäischen Antidiskriminierungsraums, wobei letztere aus zwei Subdimensionen besteht, nämlich der Nichtdiskriminierung aus Gründen wie denen des Alters, der ethnischen Zugehörigkeit und des Geschlechts einerseits, und der Durchsetzung eines diskriminierungsfreien transnationalen Zugangs zu den sozialen Sicherungssystemen der Mitgliedstaaten andererseits. Die gestiegene Heterogenität europäischer Spielarten des Kapitalismus perpetuiert die unterschiedlichen Reichweiten und Geschwindigkeiten der Integration in den drei Dimensionen. Wir kommen zu dem Ergebnis, dass die 'Polanyi in Brüssel'-These unzutreffend ist. Während die politisch herbeigeführte, soziale Integration kaum Fortschritte macht, profitieren die marktschaffende Integration und die europäische Antidiskriminierungspolitik von der 'Integration durch Recht'. Die europäische Integration trägt daher weit mehr Hayeksche als Polanyische Züge.

Citricoccus parietis sp. nov., isolated from a mould-colonized wall and emended description of Citricoccus alkalitolerans Li et al. 2005

A Gram-positive, coccoid-shaped organism (strain 02-Je-010T), forming yellow-pigmented colonies was isolated from the wall of an indoor environment. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, it was shown that strain 02-Je-010T belongs to the genus Citricoccus with sequence similarities of 98.9?% to Citricoccus alkalitolerans DSM 15665T and 98.6?% to Citricoccus muralis DSM 14442T. Cell-wall sugars were mannose and glucose. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was lysine. The major menaquinones detected were MK-9(H2) and MK-8(H2). The polar lipid profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and moderate amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown glycolipids. The fatty acid profile comprised major amounts of anteiso-C15?:?0, anteiso-C17?:?0 and iso-C15?:?0. All these data supported the affiliation of strain 02-Je-010T to the genus Citricoccus. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain 02-Je-010T from the two recognized Citricoccus species. For these reasons, strain 02-Je-010T represents a novel species, for which the name Citricoccus parietis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 02-Je-010T (=CCUG 57388T=CCM 7609T)

Meson Masses in High Density QCD

The low-energy effective theories for the two- and three-flavor color-superconductors arising in the high density limit of QCD are discussed. Using an effective field theory to describe quarks near the fermi surface, we compute the masses of the pseudo-Goldstone bosons that dominate the low-momentum dynamics of these systems.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, late

Prospects for parity-nonconservation experiments with highly charged heavy ions

We discuss the prospects for parity-nonconservation experiments with highly charged heavy ions. Energy levels and parity mixing for heavy ions with 2–5 electrons are calculated. We investigate two-photon transitions and the possibility of observing interference effects between weak-matrix elements and Stark matrix elements for periodic electric field configurations