Evaluation HPDC Lubricant Spraying for Improved Cooling and Die Protection

This study tries to find out a better cooling and temperature homogenization as well as better die protection on high-pressure die-casting (HPDC) spray lubrication. Test procedures have been set up to study the Leidenfrost point (LFP), contact angle (CA), film thickness and protection from die soldering of lubricants typically applied into the die surfaces during HPDC process. Five different lubricants have been studied as well as the influence in different controllable process parameters (type of die material, oxidation of the surface, temperature, roughness, droplet diameter, water hardness and lubricant concentration). The increase of the LFP, avoiding film boiling regime, and a reduced CA, improve the cooling and film ability of die surface during spraying. The best chemistry exhibits high LFP, shows an increased thickness of the formed film and is more effective preventing the sticking of the aluminum part to the die surface. Thermogravimetric analysis shows better thermal properties for lubricants with anti-sticking performance. The study performed and the test protocols set up result in a better insight of the involved phenomena and allow selecting the most favorable operating window for HPDC lubrication

Il Santuario di Apollo Pythios a Gortina di Creta: nuovi dati e nuove considerazioni dalle ricerche del 2016 e del 2019

Con il presente contributo si intende fornire un aggiornamento sulle ultime attivit  di ricerca svolte nel 2016 e nel 2019 da parte dell’Universit  di Padova e della SAIA presso il Santuario di Apollo Pythios a Gortina di Creta. Le indagini, condotte attraverso l’apertura di quattro nuove aree di scavo, si sono concentrate non solo all’interno della cella dell’edificio di culto, ma anche all’esterno e, nello specifico, hanno interessato l’altare, lo spazio immediatamente a E di esso e un piccolo settore in prossimit  del cd. Edificio C.   stato possibile indagare bacini stratigrafici non intaccati da attivit  precedenti e, cos , acquisire nuove importanti informazioni sia sulle pi  antiche fasi di frequentazione del santuario sia sulle successive sistemazioni strutturali. In particolare,   stato recuperato materiale pertinente ai primi secoli del primo millennio a.C., che sembra illustrare una frequentazione dell’area sacra tra le et  proto-geometrica e geometrica. Inoltre, la scoperta nel naos di un deposito di fondazione, contenente parte di una tazza monoansata in vernice nera, ha permesso di collocare la costruzione del primo recinto di culto attorno alla met  del VII sec. a.C

New perspectives on the evolution of the sanctuary of Apollo Pythios in Gortyn

\u3a4\u3bf I\u3b5\u3c1\u3cc \u3c4\u3bf\u3c5 \u391\u3c0\u3cc\u3bb\u3bb\u3c9\u3bd\u3bf\u3c2 \u3a0\u3c5\u3b8\u3af\u3bf\u3c5 \u3c3\u3c4\u3b7 \u393\u3cc\u3c1\u3c4\u3c5\u3bd\u3b1 (\u39c\u3b5\u3c3\u3b1\u3c1\u3ac) \u3b1\u3c0\u3ad\u3ba\u3c4\u3b7\u3c3\u3b5 \u3b3\u3c1\u3ae\u3b3\u3bf\u3c1\u3b1 \u3bc\u3b5\u3b3\u3ac\u3bb\u3b7 \u3c6\u3ae\u3bc\u3b7 \u3b1\u3bd\u3ac\u3bc\u3b5\u3c3\u3b1 \u3c3\u3c4\u3bf\u3c5\u3c2 \u3bc\u3b5\u3bb\u3b5\u3c4\u3b7\u3c4\u3ad\u3c2, \u3ba\u3c5\u3c1\u3af\u3c9\u3c2 \u3bb\u3cc\u3b3\u3c9 \u3c4\u3c9\u3bd \u3b1\u3c1\u3c7\u3b1\u3af\u3c9\u3bd \u3b5\u3c0\u3b9\u3b3\u3c1\u3b1\u3c6\u3ce\u3bd \u3c0\u3bf\u3c5 \u3c3\u3c5\u3bb\u3bb\u3ad\u3c7\u3b8\u3b7\u3ba\u3b1\u3bd \u3ba\u3b1\u3c4\u3ac \u3c4\u3b7 \u3b4\u3b9\u3ac\u3c1\u3ba\u3b5\u3b9\u3b1 \u3c4\u3c9\u3bd \u3c0\u3c1\u3ce\u3c4\u3c9\u3bd \u3b5\u3c1\u3b5\u3c5\u3bd\u3b7\u3c4\u3b9\u3ba\u3ce\u3bd \u3b1\u3c0\u3bf\u3c3\u3c4\u3bf\u3bb\u3ce\u3bd. \u39b\u3b9\u3b3\u3cc\u3c4\u3b5\u3c1\u3b7 \u3c0\u3c1\u3bf\u3c3\u3bf\u3c7\u3ae \u3b4\u3cc\u3b8\u3b7\u3ba\u3b5 \u3c3\u3c4\u3b1 \u3ac\u3bb\u3bb\u3b1 \u3b5\u3c5\u3c1\u3ae\u3bc\u3b1\u3c4\u3b1 \u3c0\u3bf\u3c5 \u3b1\u3c0\u3bf\u3ba\u3b1\u3bb\u3cd\u3c6\u3b8\u3b7\u3ba\u3b1\u3bd \u3ba\u3b1\u3c4\u3ac \u3c4\u3b7\u3bd \u3b1\u3bd\u3b1\u3c3\u3ba\u3b1\u3c6\u3ae, \u3ba\u3b1\u3b8\u3ce\u3c2 \u3ba\u3b1\u3b9 \u3c3\u3c4\u3b7 \u3bc\u3b5\u3bb\u3ad\u3c4\u3b7 \u3c4\u3c9\u3bd \u3b1\u3c1\u3c7\u3b9\u3c4\u3b5\u3ba\u3c4\u3bf\u3bd\u3b9\u3ba\u3ce\u3bd \u3c6\u3ac\u3c3\u3b5\u3c9\u3bd \u3c4\u3bf\u3c5 \u3ba\u3c4\u3b7\u3c1\u3af\u3bf\u3c5. \u397 \u3bd\u3ad\u3b1 \u3ad\u3c1\u3b5\u3c5\u3bd\u3b1 \u3c0\u3bf\u3c5 \u3b5\u3ba\u3c0\u3bf\u3bd\u3ae\u3b8\u3b7\u3ba\u3b5 \u3b1\u3c0\u3cc \u3c4\u3bf \u3a0\u3b1\u3bd\u3b5\u3c0\u3b9\u3c3\u3c4\u3ae\u3bc\u3b9\u3bf \u3c4\u3b7\u3c2 \u3a0\u3ac\u3bd\u3c4\u3bf\u3b2\u3b1\u3c2, \u3c3\u3b5 \u3c3\u3c5\u3bd\u3b5\u3c1\u3b3\u3b1\u3c3\u3af\u3b1 \u3bc\u3b5 \u3c4\u3b7\u3bd \u399\u3c4\u3b1\u3bb\u3b9\u3ba\u3ae \u391\u3c1\u3c7\u3b1\u3b9\u3bf\u3bb\u3bf\u3b3\u3b9\u3ba\u3ae \u3a3\u3c7\u3bf\u3bb\u3ae \u391\u3b8\u3b7\u3bd\u3ce\u3bd, \u3c3\u3c5\u3bd\u3ad\u3b2\u3b1\u3bb\u3b5 \u3c3\u3c4\u3b7\u3bd \u3b1\u3bd\u3b1\u3b8\u3b5\u3ce\u3c1\u3b7\u3c3\u3b7 \u3c4\u3c9\u3bd \u3c9\u3c2 \u3c4\u3ce\u3c1\u3b1 \u3b3\u3bd\u3c9\u3c3\u3c4\u3ce\u3bd \u3b4\u3b5\u3b4\u3bf\u3bc\u3ad\u3bd\u3c9\u3bd \u3ba\u3b1\u3b9 \u3c3\u3c4\u3b7\u3bd \u3b1\u3bd\u3b1\u3c3\u3cd\u3c3\u3c4\u3b1\u3c3\u3b7 \u3c4\u3b7\u3c2 \u3bf\u3b9\u3ba\u3bf\u3b4\u3bf\u3bc\u3b9\u3ba\u3ae\u3c2 \u3ba\u3b1\u3b9 \u3bb\u3b5\u3b9\u3c4\u3bf\u3c5\u3c1\u3b3\u3b9\u3ba\u3ae\u3c2 \u3b9\u3c3\u3c4\u3bf\u3c1\u3af\u3b1\u3c2 \u3c4\u3bf\u3c5 \u3b9\u3b5\u3c1\u3bf\u3cd \u3ba\u3b1\u3b8\u2019 \u3cc\u3bb\u3b7 \u3c4\u3b7 \u3b4\u3b9\u3ac\u3c1\u3ba\u3b5\u3b9\u3b1 \u3c4\u3b7\u3c2 \u3b6\u3c9\u3ae\u3c2 \u3c4\u3bf\u3c5, \u3b1\u3c0\u3cc \u3c4\u3b7\u3bd \u391\u3c1\u3c7\u3b1\u3ca\u3ba\u3ae \u395\u3c0\u3bf\u3c7\u3ae \u3ad\u3c9\u3c2 \u3c4\u3b7\u3bd \u38e\u3c3\u3c4\u3b5\u3c1\u3b7 \u391\u3c1\u3c7\u3b1\u3b9\u3cc\u3c4\u3b7\u3c4\u3b1. \u3a3\u3c4\u3bf \u3ac\u3c1\u3b8\u3c1\u3bf \u3c0\u3b1\u3c1\u3bf\u3c5\u3c3\u3b9\u3ac\u3b6\u3bf\u3bd\u3c4\u3b1\u3b9 \u3c4\u3b1 \u3b1\u3c0\u3bf\u3c4\u3b5\u3bb\u3ad\u3c3\u3bc\u3b1\u3c4\u3b1 \u3c4\u3c9\u3bd \u3b1\u3bd\u3b1\u3c3\u3ba\u3b1\u3c6\u3b9\u3ba\u3ce\u3bd \u3b5\u3c1\u3b5\u3c5\u3bd\u3ce\u3bd \u3c0\u3bf\u3c5 \u3b4\u3b9\u3b5\u3be\u3ae\u3c7\u3b8\u3b7\u3c3\u3b1\u3bd \u3c4\u3bf 2014 \u3ba\u3b1\u3b9 \u3c4\u3bf 2016 \u3ba\u3b1\u3b9 \u3b5\u3c0\u3ad\u3c4\u3c1\u3b5\u3c8\u3b1\u3bd \u3c4\u3b7 \u3c3\u3c5\u3bb\u3bb\u3bf\u3b3\u3ae \u3c0\u3bf\u3bb\u3bb\u3ce\u3bd \u3bd\u3ad\u3c9\u3bd \u3c3\u3c4\u3c1\u3c9\u3bc\u3b1\u3c4\u3bf\u3b3\u3c1\u3b1\u3c6\u3b9\u3ba\u3ce\u3bd \u3ba\u3b1\u3b9 \u3c7\u3c1\u3bf\u3bd\u3bf\u3bb\u3bf\u3b3\u3b9\u3ba\u3ce\u3bd \u3b4\u3b5\u3b4\u3bf\u3bc\u3ad\u3bd\u3c9\u3bd. \u3a3\u3c4\u3b7\u3bd \u3c0\u3b1\u3c1\u3bf\u3c5\u3c3\u3af\u3b1\u3c3\u3b7 \u3c3\u3c5\u3b6\u3b7\u3c4\u3b5\u3af\u3c4\u3b1\u3b9 \u3b7 \u3ba\u3c1\u3b9\u3c4\u3b9\u3ba\u3ae \u3b5\u3c1\u3bc\u3b7\u3bd\u3b5\u3af\u3b1 \u3c4\u3c9\u3bd \u3c3\u3c5\u3bb\u3bb\u3b5\u3c7\u3b8\u3ad\u3bd\u3c4\u3c9\u3bd \u3c3\u3c4\u3bf\u3b9\u3c7\u3b5\u3af\u3c9\u3bd \u3c0\u3bf\u3c5 \u3bf\u3b4\u3b7\u3b3\u3bf\u3cd\u3bd \u3c3\u3b5 \u3bc\u3b9\u3b1 \u3b1\u3bd\u3b1\u3b8\u3b5\u3c9\u3c1\u3b7\u3bc\u3ad\u3bd\u3b7 \u3b5\u3c1\u3bc\u3b7\u3bd\u3b5\u3af\u3b1 \u3c4\u3bf\u3c5 \u3b1\u3c1\u3c7\u3b9\u3c4\u3b5\u3ba\u3c4\u3bf\u3bd\u3b9\u3ba\u3bf\u3cd \u3c0\u3bb\u3b1\u3b9\u3c3\u3af\u3bf\u3c5 \u3c4\u3bf\u3c5 \u3b1\u3c1\u3c7\u3b1\u3ca\u3ba\u3bf\u3cd \u3bd\u3b1\u3bf\u3cd, \u3c4\u3bf\u3c5 \u3b5\u3bb\u3bb\u3b7\u3bd\u3b9\u3c3\u3c4\u3b9\u3ba\u3bf\u3cd \u3c0\u3c1\u3cc\u3bd\u3b1\u3bf\u3c5 \u3ba\u3b1\u3b9 \u3c4\u3bf\u3c5 \u3c0\u3c1\u3ce\u3b9\u3bc\u3bf\u3c5 \u3b1\u3c5\u3c4\u3bf\u3ba\u3c1\u3b1\u3c4\u3bf\u3c1\u3b9\u3ba\u3bf\u3cd \u3bd\u3b1\u3bf\u3cd. \u395\u3c0\u3af\u3c3\u3b7\u3c2 \u3b4\u3b9\u3b1\u3c4\u3c5\u3c0\u3ce\u3bd\u3bf\u3bd\u3c4\u3b1\u3b9 \u3ba\u3ac\u3c0\u3bf\u3b9\u3b5\u3c2 \u3c0\u3b1\u3c1\u3b1\u3c4\u3b7\u3c1\u3ae\u3c3\u3b5\u3b9\u3c2 \u3c3\u3c7\u3b5\u3c4\u3b9\u3ba\u3ac \u3bc\u3b5 \u3c4\u3b9\u3c2 \u3ba\u3bf\u3bd\u3c4\u3b9\u3bd\u3ad\u3c2 \u3b4\u3bf\u3bc\u3ad\u3c2 \u3c4\u3bf\u3c5 \u3b7\u3c1\u3ce\u3bf\u3c5 \u3ba\u3b1\u3b9 \u3c4\u3bf\u3c5 \u3b2\u3c9\u3bc\u3bf\u3cd, \u3b7 \u3b4\u3b9\u3b1\u3c7\u3c1\u3bf\u3bd\u3b9\u3ba\u3ae \u3b5\u3be\u3ad\u3bb\u3b9\u3be\u3b7 \u3c4\u3c9\u3bd \u3bf\u3c0\u3bf\u3af\u3c9\u3bd \u3b4\u3b5\u3bd \u3ad\u3c7\u3b5\u3b9 \u3bc\u3b5\u3bb\u3b5\u3c4\u3b7\u3b8\u3b5\u3af \u3ad\u3c9\u3c2 \u3c4\u3ce\u3c1\u3b1, \u3b1\u3c0\u3bf\u3ba\u3b1\u3bb\u3cd\u3c0\u3c4\u3b5\u3c4\u3b1\u3b9 \u3cc\u3bc\u3c9\u3c2 \u3cc\u3c4\u3b9 \u3c3\u3c5\u3bd\u3b4\u3ad\u3b5\u3c4\u3b1\u3b9 \u3c3\u3c4\u3b5\u3bd\u3ac \u3bc\u3b5 \u3b1\u3c5\u3c4\u3ae\u3bd \u3c4\u3bf\u3c5 \u3ba\u3c5\u3c1\u3af\u3c9\u3c2 \u3ba\u3c4\u3b7\u3c1\u3af\u3bf\u3c5 \u3bb\u3b1\u3c4\u3c1\u3b5\u3af\u3b1\u3c2

Second Victim Symptoms and Desired Support Strategies among Italian Health Care Workers in Friuli-Venezia Giulia: Cross-Sectional Survey and Latent Profile Analysis

Background and Objective The second victim (SV) phenomenon concerns health care workers (HCWs) whose involvement in a medical error, as well as non-error patient safety events, has affected their well-being. Its prevalence ranges from 10% to 75% and can predispose HCWs to burnout, increasing the probability of committing errors. The primary aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of HCWs involved in an adverse patient safety event in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (Italy). The secondary aims were to use latent profile analysis to identify profiles of SVs and factors influencing profile membership, and to evaluate the relationship between the severity of symptoms and desired support options. Methods A cross-sectional survey through the Italian version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool tool was conducted in 5 local health authorities. Descriptive statistics were conducted for all variables. Associations and correlations were assessed with statistical tests, as appropriate. Latent profile analysis was based on the scores of dimensions measuring SVs' symptoms. Factors affecting profile membership were assessed through multinomial logistic regression. Results A total of 733 HCWs participated. Of them, 305 (41.6%) experienced at least 1 adverse event. Among dimensions measuring SVs' symptoms, psychological distress had the highest percentage of agreement (30.2%). Three latent profiles were identified: mild (58.7%), moderate (24.3%), and severe (17.0%) symptoms. Severe symptoms profile was positively associated with the agreement for extraoccupational support and negatively associated with the agreement for organizational support. A respected colleague with whom to discuss the details of the incident (78.7%) and free counseling outside of work (71.2%) were the support options most desired by HCWs. The severity of symptoms was directly associated with the desire for support strategies. Conclusions The prevalence of HCWs involved in adverse events is consistent with the literature. Three latent profiles have been identified according to SV symptoms, and the higher the severity of symptoms, the greater the reliance on extraoccupational support

The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool: A Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation in Italy (IT-SVEST)

OBJECTIVE: Second victims are defined as healthcare workers involved in an unanticipated adverse patient event, who experienced professional and psychological distress. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) is a survey developed and validated in the United States, which describes the experience of second victims. This study aims to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the SVEST and to evaluate its psychometric characteristics in the Italian context. METHODS: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation process was performed according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Then, 349 healthcare workers, including nurses, doctors, residents, and technicians, involved in direct patient care-a potential second victim-completed the Italian version of SVEST in a validation survey at the Academic Hospital of Udine. The SVEST consists of 29 items, divided into 7 dimensions, 2 outcome variables, and 7 support options. The Italian version was assessed for internal consistency through Cronbach α, for content validity with content validity index for scales and for item and for construct validity with Confirmatory Factor Analysis. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the instrument was adequate in its overall evaluation with Cronbach α value of 0.88 (95% confidence interval = 0.86). The content validity index for scales was 0.94 and that for item was 0.70. The confirmatory factor analysis results showed a good model fit for the 9-factor structure (χ2 = 676.18, df = 327, P < 0.001). Root mean squared error of approximation, Akaike information criterion, and comparative fix index Tucker-Lewis index values also suggested a good fit to the data. CONCLUSIONS: The Italian version of the SVEST can be used to evaluate second victim experiences, demonstrating adequate validity, reliability, and good psychometric properties