3,543 research outputs found
The electronic band structure and optical properties of boron arsenide
We compute the electronic band structure and optical properties of boron
arsenide using the relativistic quasiparticle self-consistent approach,
including electron-hole interactions through solution of the Bethe-Salpeter
equation. We also calculate its electronic and optical properties using
standard and hybrid density functional theory. We demonstrate that the
inclusion of self-consistency and vertex corrections provides substantial
improvement in the calculated band features, in particular when comparing our
results to previous calculations using the single-shot approach and
various DFT methods, from which a considerable scatter in the calculated
indirect and direct band gaps has been observed. We find that BAs has an
indirect gap of 1.674 eV and a direct gap of 3.990 eV, consistent with
experiment and other comparable computational studies. Hybrid DFT reproduces
the indirect gap well, but provides less accurate values for other band
features, including spin-orbit splittings. Our computed Born effective charges
and dielectric constants confirm the unusually covalent bonding characteristics
of this III-V system.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
EviPlant: An efficient digital forensic challenge creation, manipulation and distribution solution
Education and training in digital forensics requires a variety of suitable
challenge corpora containing realistic features including regular
wear-and-tear, background noise, and the actual digital traces to be discovered
during investigation. Typically, the creation of these challenges requires
overly arduous effort on the part of the educator to ensure their viability.
Once created, the challenge image needs to be stored and distributed to a class
for practical training. This storage and distribution step requires significant
time and resources and may not even be possible in an online/distance learning
scenario due to the data sizes involved. As part of this paper, we introduce a
more capable methodology and system as an alternative to current approaches.
EviPlant is a system designed for the efficient creation, manipulation, storage
and distribution of challenges for digital forensics education and training.
The system relies on the initial distribution of base disk images, i.e., images
containing solely base operating systems. In order to create challenges for
students, educators can boot the base system, emulate the desired activity and
perform a "diffing" of resultant image and the base image. This diffing process
extracts the modified artefacts and associated metadata and stores them in an
"evidence package". Evidence packages can be created for different personae,
different wear-and-tear, different emulated crimes, etc., and multiple evidence
packages can be distributed to students and integrated into the base images. A
number of additional applications in digital forensic challenge creation for
tool testing and validation, proficiency testing, and malware analysis are also
discussed as a result of using EviPlant.Comment: Digital Forensic Research Workshop Europe 201
Cranial morphology of the Plio-Pleistocene giant madtsoiid snake Wonambi naracoortensis
New material and additional morphological details of a rare and phylogenetically significant large fossil snake, Wonambi naracoortensis Smith, 1976, are described from Pleistocene and Pliocene cave deposits in southern South Australia. The new data refute some previous interpretations of the morphology of this species, and have implications for the phylogenetic position of Wonambi relative to extant snakes and other fossils, including other Madtsoiidae. The nature of contacts among palatal, braincase, snout, and mandibular elements imply similar functional attributes to those of extant anilioid snakes: maxillae from multiple individuals show corrugated contact surfaces for the prefrontal, implying a tight suture; structures on the anterior and medial surfaces of the palatine choanal process are interpreted as forming extensive contacts with the vomer and parasphenoid; and the distinctly bounded facets on the basipterygoid processes and pterygoid imply little or no capacity for anteroposterior sliding of the palatopterygoid arch, hence absence of the macrostomatan 'pterygoid walk'. On the frontal, interolfactory pillars were either absent or very slender, and a deep, sculptured contact surface for the nasal implies a prokinetic joint was also absent. Margins of the frontal and parietal indicate broad entry of the sphenoid into the ophthalmic fenestra, as in Dinilysia. Similarity of elements and features of the braincase (trigeminal foramen, ear region, and basipterygoid processes) with both lizards and extant snakes show that differences between snakes and other squamates have sometimes been overstated. The case for macrostomatan affinities of Wonambi is not supported by new evidence.John D. Scanlo
An Escherichia coli effector protein promotes host mutation via depletion of DNA mismatch repair proteins.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an attaching and effacing (A/E) human pathogen that causes diarrhea during acute infection, and it can also sustain asymptomatic colonization. A/E E. coli depletes host cell DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in colonic cell lines and has been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, until now, a direct link between infection and host mutagenesis has not been fully demonstrated. Here we show that the EPEC-secreted effector protein EspF is critical for complete EPEC-induced depletion of MMR proteins. The mechanism of EspF activity on MMR protein was posttranscriptional and dependent on EspF mitochondrial targeting. EPEC infection also induced EspF-independent elevation of host reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, EPEC infection significantly increased spontaneous mutation frequency in host cells, and this effect was dependent on mitochondrially targeted EspF. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that A/E E. coli can promote colorectal carcinogenesis in humans
Self-regulation mechanism for charged point defects in hybrid halide perovskites
Hybrid halide perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3)
exhibit unusually low free carrier concentrations despite being processed at
low-temperatures from solution. We demonstrate, through quantum mechanical
calculations, that the origin of this phenomenon is a prevalence of ionic over
electronic disorder in stoichiometric materials. Schottky defect formation
provides a mechanism to self-regulate the concentration of charge carriers
through ionic compensation of charged point defects. The equilibrium charged
vacancy concentration is predicted to exceed 0.4% at room temperature. This
behaviour, which goes against established defect conventions for inorganic
semiconductors, has implications for photovoltaic performance
Feasibility of Explicit Instruction in Adult Basic Education: Instructor-Learner Interaction Patterns
A strategic instruction model introduced into adult basic education classrooms yields insight into the feasibility of using direct and explicit instruction with adults with learning disabilities or other cognitive barriers to learning. Ecobehavioral assessment was used to describe and compare instructor-learner interaction patterns during learning center models of instruction and explicit, strategic instruction. The strategic instruction produced a higher quantity of instructional time and greater parity and efficiency in the instructor-learner interaction patterns than learning center instruction, which seems to indicate that explicit instruction is a feasible alternative for adult basic education classrooms
Exploring battery cathode materials in the Li-Ni-O phase diagrams using structure prediction
The Li-Ni-O phase diagram contains several electrochemically active ternary phases. Many compositions and structures in this phase space can easily be altered by (electro-)chemical processes, yielding many more (meta-)stable structures with interesting properties. In this study, we use ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS) to accelerate materials discovery of the Li-Ni-O phase space. We demonstrate that AIRSS can efficiently explore structures (e.g. LiNiO2) displaying dynamic Jahn-Teller effects. A thermodynamically stable Li2Ni2O3 phase which reduces the thermodynamic stability window of LiNiO2 was discovered. AIRSS also encountered many dynamically stable structures close to the convex hull. Therefore, we confirm the presence of metastable Li-Ni-O phases by revealing their structures and properties. This work will allow Li-Ni-O phases to be more easily identified in future experiments and help to combat the challenges in synthesizing Li-Ni-O phases
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