In-Network Video Quality Adaption using Packet Trimming at the Edge

This paper describes the effects of running innetwork quality adaption by trimming the packets of layered video streams at the edge. The video stream is transmitted using the BPP transport protocol, which is like UDP, but has been designed to be both amenable to trimming and to provide low-latency and high reliability. The traffic adaption uses the Packet Wash process of BPP on the transmitted Scalable Video Coding (SVC) video streams as they pass through a network function which is BPP-aware and embedded at the edge. Our previous work has either demonstrated the use of SDN controllers to directly implement Packet Wash, or the use of a network function in the core of the network to do the same task. This paper presents the first attempt to deploy and evaluate such a process in the edge. We compare the performance of transmitting video using BPP and the Packet Wash trimming, against alternative transmission schemes, namely TCP, UDP, and HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS). The results demonstrate that providing traffic engineering using in-network quality adaption using packet trimming, provides high quality at the receiver

Towards High Precision End-to-End Video Streaming from Drones using Packet Trimming

The emergence of a number of network communication facilities such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software Defined Networking (SDN), the Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), and in-network packet processing, holds a potential to meet the low latency, high precision requirements of various future multimedia applications. However, this raises the corresponding issues of how all of these elements can be used together in future networking environments, including newly developed protocols and techniques. This paper describes the architecture of an end-to-end video streaming platform for video surveillance, consisting of a UAV network domain, an edge server implementing in-network packet trimming operations with the use of Big Packet Protocol (BPP), utilization of Scalable Video Coding (SVC) and multiple video clients which connect to a network managed by an SDN controller. A Virtualized Edge Function at the drone edge utilizes SVC and in communication with the Drone Control Unit to manage the transmitted video quality. Experimental results show the potential that future multimedia applications can achieve the required high precision with the use of future network components and the consideration of their interactions

ANNALS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a rare childhood disorder characterized by acquired aphasia with seizures and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities. Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT was performed in three right handed children with LKS. A relative decrease in perfusion was found in the left temporal cortex of all three patients and also in the left frontoparietal cortex of one patient with hyperkinetic behavior. Degree of regional cerebral perfusion impairment did not correlate with the severity of clinical and EEG abnormalities. Asymmetrical temporoparietal perfusion appears characteristic of LKS. SPECT findings in LKS were evaluated as useful in elucidating the pathogenic features of the disorder in the brain

NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of one course chemotherapy on the pulmonary epithelial permeability. Eighteen patients (18 male; mean age: 59 +/- 10 years) with lung cancer (11 non-small cell, 7 small cell) inhaled 40 mCi (1,480 MBq) Tc-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Thirty images of 1-min duration were acquired from posterior projection. The first 7 min of the decay corrected time activity curves were used to calculate lung clearance half time. Clearance half times of Tc-99m-DTPA from the peripheral regions of the lungs were 42 +/- 19 min before and 56 +/- 34 min after chemotherapy (p = 0.009); from the central regions, clearance half-times were 112 +/- 94 min before and 160 +/- 125 min after chemotherapy (P = 0.005). This decrease in clearance rate might be related to decreasing mucociliary clearance rate due to the toxic effect of the chemotherapy regimen on cilia movement and/or mucus structure. Tc-99m DTPA radioaerosol study can be used to monitor the toxic effects of chemotherapy on the pulmonary epithelium and possibly on mucociliary function. NUCL MED BIOL 27;6:581-585, 2000. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved

ANNALS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Bacterial orbital cellulitis is an infection of the soft tissues behind the orbital septum. Cellulitis is seen as a poorly defined area of increased CT density or T2 signal intensity within the fat. There is an amorphous enhancement following contrast infusion. Radiolabeled leukocytes or granulocytes are now established widely as a means of localizing various forms of inflammatory disease and infections. We report a case of orbital cellulitis detected with Tc-99m-HMPAO-labeled WBC scintigraphy and three-phase bone scintigraphy. Tc-99m-HMPAO-labeled WBC scintigraphy was superior to bone scintigraphy in delineating the extension and limits of the infectious process in the orbita. Tc-99m-HMPAO-labeled WBC scintigraphy is appropriate in the investigation of such infectious lesions, leading to early diagnosis and therapy to avoid severe complications

ANNALS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL) are among the progressive encephalopathies of childhood that are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. In this study we specifically aimed to investigate any white-matter changes in the carriers (parents) and the healthy siblings of individuals with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis disease and whether we may be able to predict the occurrence of any neurological symptoms in healthy children in the future thus enabling early management. Materials and Methods: Since the NCLs are genetically determined diseases, we investigated fifteen individuals in three families that had diseased children of the juvenile type, with brain perfusion SPECT and MRI. Brain per-fusion SPECT was performed after administering 222555 MBq (6-15 mCi) Tc-99m HMPAO intravenously in a dimmed and quiet room. Imaging was performed at least one hour after injection, with a three headed gamma camera equipped with high resolution collimators. A Metz filter (FWHM: 11 mm) was used for processing. Cranial MRI was performed with an imager operating at 1.5 Tesla. Spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted and FLAIR slices were obtained for each individual. Results: In all of the five diseased children we observed pathologic findings both on MRI and Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT. The findings on MRI were mainly features of cerebral and cerebellar atrophy and the observations on Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT were regional perfusion abnormalities. We observed some structural abnormalities on MRI in four of the parents and two of the four healthy siblings. We also noted perfusion abnormalities on Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in two of the parents and two of the healthy siblings. Conclusion: Because the disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, the parents and the healthy siblings were not supposed to exhibit any demonstrable brain lesions, but the brain perfusion SPECT and MRI examinations clearly revealed multiple lesions in some of the parents and healthy siblings. Detailed neurological examinations of these individuals were normal except for one apparently healthy sibling (EY). Follow-up imaging of these families is being undertaken and further studies are essential in understanding the pathogenesis and genetics of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses

ANNALS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE

The cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign orbital tumor in adults. Its presentation is during the forth to fifth decades with a slowly progressive unilateral proptosis. Intraconal cavernous hemangiomas may be difficult to differentiate from other intraconal lesions such as schwannomas, meningiomas and hemangiopericytomas. We report a case of orbital cavernous hemangioma diagnosed by Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy. Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy revealed a typical scintigraphic pattern in which there is intense focally increased uptake on the delayed image. We conclude that Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy can be a useful method in the differential diagnosis of orbital cavernous hemangioma as in hepatic hemangioma