Artifact removal and brain rhythm decomposition for eeg signal using wavelet approach

This recent study introduces and discusses briefly the use of wavelet approach in removing the artifacts and extraction of features for electroencephalography (EEG) signal. Many of new approaches have been discovered by the researcher for processing the EEG signal. Generally, the EEG signal processing can be divided into pre-processing and postprocessing. The aim of processing is to remove the unwanted signal and to extract important features from the signal. However, the selections of non-suitable approach affect the actual result and wasting the time and energy. Wavelet is among the effective approach that can be used for processing the biomedical signal. The wavelet approach can be performed in MATLAB toolbox or by coding, that require a simple and basic command. In this paper, the application of wavelet approach for EEG signal processing is introduced. Moreover, this paper also discusses the effect of using db3 mother wavelet with 5th decomposition level of stationary wavelet transform and db4 mother wavelet with 7th decomposition level of discrete wavelet transform in removing the noise and decomposing of the brain rhythm. Besides, the simulation result are also provided for better configuration

How Does The Interior Design of Learning Spaces Impact The Students` Health, Behavior, and Performance?

: The importance of research: human beings are greatly affected by their surroundings, especially in learning spaces. Lighting, colors, seating arrangement, and other factors all have a physical and psychological impact on students, which is reflected in their behavior, and performance. Research problem: Although there have been previous studies that have linked a student\u27s behavior to the interior design elements of the learning space, there is no extensive, combined study that can guide the design of university educational spaces to achieve the highest possible efficiency for the students. Research Objective: Set criteria to assess the learning space; this standard states whether or not a learning space can provide an appropriate learning environment that can help students physically and psychologically. Research methodology: (theoretical approach) relied on a review of previous theoretical and practical studies to gather sufficient information to determine the criteria for evaluating each element of the educational space and how it impacts students, this is shown by presenting definitions of human behavior and how it is influenced by the built environment, and then used to illustrate how the interior architectural design of the educational space impact students, reaching the ideal status for each element in the final table. (analytical approach) in which a questionnaire was conducted for students as a field study and then analyzed for results. Results showed that many existing educational spaces have problems with interior design elements. Some of these problems, such as lighting, ventilation, and temperature, can be avoided from the beginning by orienting educational spaces correctly and thus obtaining adequate natural lighting, ventilation, and temperature without having to rely on industrial means. Noise can also be reduced if a suitable location away from the noise is chosen, as well as careful selection of finishing materials of sound insulation material. Table 8 shows additional means of isolation that can be used in existing spaces. On the other hand, the color of the white wall, which many studies have confirmed harms the space users of students and teachers but is still used, is a problem that is easily avoidable but still recurring. It is preferable to use cold or warm colors instead, as shown in Table 8. The significance of this research is in assisting in the creation of a suitable educational space that meets the needs of students while avoiding all of the problems mentioned above in many educational settings

How Does The Interior Design of Learning Spaces Impact The Students` Health, Behavior, and Performance?

: The importance of research: human beings are greatly affected by their surroundings, especially in learning spaces. Lighting, colors, seating arrangement, and other factors all have a physical and psychological impact on students, which is reflected in their behavior, and performance. Research problem: Although there have been previous studies that have linked a student\u27s behavior to the interior design elements of the learning space, there is no extensive, combined study that can guide the design of university educational spaces to achieve the highest possible efficiency for the students. Research Objective: Set criteria to assess the learning space; this standard states whether or not a learning space can provide an appropriate learning environment that can help students physically and psychologically. Research methodology: (theoretical approach) relied on a review of previous theoretical and practical studies to gather sufficient information to determine the criteria for evaluating each element of the educational space and how it impacts students, this is shown by presenting definitions of human behavior and how it is influenced by the built environment, and then used to illustrate how the interior architectural design of the educational space impact students, reaching the ideal status for each element in the final table. (analytical approach) in which a questionnaire was conducted for students as a field study and then analyzed for results. Results showed that many existing educational spaces have problems with interior design elements. Some of these problems, such as lighting, ventilation, and temperature, can be avoided from the beginning by orienting educational spaces correctly and thus obtaining adequate natural lighting, ventilation, and temperature without having to rely on industrial means. Noise can also be reduced if a suitable location away from the noise is chosen, as well as careful selection of finishing materials of sound insulation material. Table 8 shows additional means of isolation that can be used in existing spaces. On the other hand, the color of the white wall, which many studies have confirmed harms the space users of students and teachers but is still used, is a problem that is easily avoidable but still recurring. It is preferable to use cold or warm colors instead, as shown in Table 8. The significance of this research is in assisting in the creation of a suitable educational space that meets the needs of students while avoiding all of the problems mentioned above in many educational settings

Wireless Technology to Handle Marketing Risks

Wireless market is the selling and buying of goods or services over the Internet, Therefore E-commerce is a modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organizations, merchants, and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery. The technology, the business models, and the value chain relationships are new and in many ways different from traditional business environments. The uncertainty concerns the character and degree of those differences. In this paper we will address these risks and address based on three points: first, types of risks which are presented in e-commerce. Second, similarities and differences between e-commerce risks and the risks in other business environments. Finally, methodologies that can be used to control these risks. The proposed framework provides an overview of what is happening in the wireless domain to provide marketers, managers and market researchers with a realistic view of using and predicting the wireless technology market. The proposed methodology can develop a security and risk management policy, which identifies and analyses risks, and the potential impact that they will have on the operations

Modern versus traditional medical approaches among Muslim in Malay world

One of the amazing discoveries that are based on Quran is the medical science discovery. In nowadays Malay community, some Muslim professional medical officers or ‘medical doctor’ apply the modern technology or devices to diagnose and treat patients; while some others prefer to use traditional techniques to cure illnesses. Hence, the medical approaches in the Malay Muslim world can be divided into two main categories: modern and traditional. This paper is intended to discuss, to compare and to present a survey result on the practice of the approaches in the Malay world, specifically in Malaysia. The research was done by reading materials and carried out a survey related to the medical practices of Malay Muslim people in Malaysia on 30 Malay Muslim respondents. Based on the majority result, it is found out that the respondents had high preference on the modern medical approach because it is more effective but in contra is lack of application of Islamic elements by the practitioner. Besides, they felt that Islam is encouraging more on modern medical approach and less on traditional approach because majority of them agree that the traditional medical practice contains negative practice of worshipping the evil. Overall, both the medical approaches have their own strength and weaknesses. Hence, it is up to a Muslim to either prefer the modern method or traditional method as long as it is not violating their religion belief

CHRYSANTHEMUM AND GAILLARDIA AS STUNTED WINTER ANNUALS II. BLANKETFLOWER (GAILLARDIA PULCHELLA FOUG.)

Blanketflower (Gaillardia pulchella Foug.) is a tall herbaceous annual (more than 1 m long), usually subjects to slanting if it was grow alone in pot. So, the present investigation was carried out at Orman Botanical Garden, Giza, Egypt during the seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 in order to reduce its tall and branched stem by spraying the foliage with the aqueous solution of either paclobutrazol (PP-333) at 0, 50 and 100 ppm or cycocel (CCC) at 0, 1000 and 2000 ppm concentrations, two times with 3 weeks interval, and to study the effect of these treatments on flowering and chemical composition of 75-days-old seedlings of such winter annual when grown in 15-cm-diameter plastic pots filled with about 1.5kg of an equal mixture of sand and clay (1:1, v/v). The obtained results indicated that both PP-333 and CCC at various concentrations significantly decreased all vegetative and root growth criteria, with few exceptions compared to control in the two seasons. The low level of PP-333 caused about 20% reduction in height and branching of treated plants giving plants near at its size to those of control ones. On the contrary, the high level of CCC (2000 ppm) excessively decreased these parameters to more than 65% compared to control treatment, and that was accompanied with reducing root length to less than 10 cm in both seasons. However, the most appropriate size wherefrom height, branching and number of leaves was gained from applying either PP-333 at 100 ppm or CCC at 1000 ppm, with the preference 100 ppm PP-333 treatment which resulted the most suitable plant size in harmony with the pot size. The flowering was delayed due to all the used treatments, but delaying by CCC treatments was more than that by PP-333 ones (about 7-9 days against only 4-5 days, respectively). All other flowering characters were significantly decreased by the different levels of growth retardants used in this work in most cases of both seasons, except for the two rates of PP-333 which were raised inflorescence diameter and number of ray florets/inflorescence, with the superiority of PP-333 at 100 ppm treatment, as it gave the widest inflorescence with the utmost high number of ray florets per inflorescence at all. This treatment also resulted the shortest stalk length which was useful in restricting flower head nutation phenomenon in this plant. Paclobutrazol at any rate markedly increased chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total soluble sugars, total indoles and total phenols content in the leaves, whereas CCC treatments decreased content of these constituents with the exception of total phenols content that was greatly increased. From the previous results, it is recommended to spray the foliage of 75-days-old seedlings of Gaillardia pulchella winter annual plant with PP-333 at 100 ppm level, twice with 3 weeks interval for production of petit, dwarfed, flowering-pot-plant from commercial point of view

Background auditory stimuli effect on memorizing tasks performance based on electroencephalography

Listening to music/sound during study can give positive and negative influence on human cognitive processing. Thus, it has attracted researchers to conduct studies using various types of sound stimuli. Some researchers believe that Mozart music and white noise are able to give positive influence on cognitive performance. However, most of the past studies gave more attention towards spatial task. Very little studies have been made on the effect of Mozart music and white noise towards memorizing task. Besides, the effect of these sounds on task difficulty has also not been studied deeply. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mozart music and white noise on memory performance with different task difficulty levels in order to propose an effective background stimuli condition for memorization. Experiments have been conducted involving 60 adults that required them to memorize the visual memory task with two difficulty levels; i.e. easy and difficult. Brain signal was recorded during memorization duration using 10-20 electrode placement system of electroencephalography (EEG) machine. EEG is a neurological test for measuring and recording the electrical activity of the brain. The effect of sound stimuli on memory performance was evaluated based on memorization test score and brain activity. The wavelet approach was used in processing the EEG data. Based on the memorizing test score result, the subjects are able to memorize better when listening to white noise (easy: mean = 8.561; difficult: mean = 4.228) compared to Mozart music (easy: mean = 8.070; difficult: mean = 3.632) at different difficulty levels. Listening to auditory background stimuli can influence the electroencephalography pattern and brain activity. The level of attention, thinking, alertness and input information processing increases when listening to white noise which cause the increase of relative gamma and beta power. Thus, in this study, it is found that listening to white noise is far more effective in memorizing process compared to Mozart music

Soil Phosphorus Test Values and Wheat Production

Agronomy (Soils

CHRYSANTHEMUM AND GAILLARDIA AS STUNTED WINTER ANNUALS I. TRICOLOR CHRYSANTHEMUM (CHRYSANTHEMUM CARINATUM SCHOUSB.)

Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb. is a tall annual herb with a thin, weak stems suffers from slanting, but it is used excessively in Egypt for beautifying of beds and borders. So, a study was conducted at Orman Botanical Garden, Giza, Egypt during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons to reveal the effect of foliar spraying with either paclobutrazol (PP-333) at the rates of 0, 50 and 100 ppm or cycocel (CCC) at the rates of 0, 1000 and 2000 ppm, twice with 3 weeks interval on growth performance, flowering and quality of 75-days-old seedlings of Chrysanthemum carinatum grown in 15-cm-diameter plastic pots filled with about 1.5 kg of sand + clay mixture (1:1, v/v). The obtained results have shown that means of all vegetative and root growth parameters were significantly decreased as a result of spraying with either PP-333 or CCC at various levels of each. The low level of both did not reduce the size of plants to the optimum size, as they caused a reduction mostly ranged between 20-25% only. The high level of CCC (2000 ppm), however induced a great decrement in most growth criteria reached about 65% or more compared to control in the two seasons. So, the plants appear more compressing than required, and that was accompanied by crinkled and smaller leaves. On the other hand, the high level of PP-333 (100 ppm) gave the most suitable plant size going with the pot size without any disorders. Flowering was delayed and the other flowering characters were decreased by the low and high levels of the two used growth retardants with the different significance levels relative to control in both seasons, except for inflorescence diameter and its fresh and dry weights traits which were significantly increased in response to spraying with any concentration of PP-333. The shortest stalk length was scored by PP-333 at 100 ppm treatment and that was benefit in preventing head nutation in the dwarfed plants. The results also indicated that PP-333 at either level increased the leaf content of chlorophyll a and b, total soluble sugars, total indoles and total phenols, but decreased content of carotenoids. On the other side, CCC treatments decreased content of chlorophyll a and b, total soluble sugars and total indoles but raised content of carotenoids and total phenols.    Accordingly, it is recommended to spray the foliar of 75-days-old seedlings of Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb. cultivated in 15-cm-diameter plastic pots with PP-333 aqueous solution at the rate of 100 ppm, twice with 3 weeks interval to get a unique flowering-pot-plant suitable for commercial marketing