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    Palaeohistology and palaeopathology of an Aeolosaurini (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from Morro do Cambambe (Upper Cretaceous, Brazil)

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    Altres ajuts: CAISEP (Comisi贸n de Ayudas a la Investigaci贸n de la Sociedad Espa帽ola de Paleontolog铆a) project #2018-07153A recent publication of fossil bones of titanosaurs assigned to Aeolosaurini from the Morro do Cambambe site (Mato Grosso state, Brazil, Upper Cretaceous) reported anomalous growth in some of them. Here, we present osteohistological sections of elements to understand not only the microstructure and growth of such bones, but also the nature of those anomalies. The primary bone of all specimens consisted of a variation of the fibrolamellar complex, with the inner cortex being rich in woven bone with dispersed longitudinal canals, while the outer cortex was parallel-fibred with rows of longitudinal canals, interlayered by Lines of Arrested Growth (LAGs). We identified a maximum of two LAGs in the cervical rib and haemal arch, and four in the dorsal rib. The haemal arch shows an External Fundamental System (EFS) in most sections. The advanced remodelling and variation of the fibrolamellar bone in the cortex suggests that all the specimens represent individuals that reached sexual maturity. However, the haemal arch was distinct due to the wide distribution of EFS. The dorsal rib exhibited periosteal and endosteal outgrowth. Such microstructure was assigned to a reactive bone due to an intra-thoracic infection (a pneumonia, probably related to a tuberculosis), which is the first report in a non-avian dinosaur. The microstructure resembles the medullary bone recovered in dinosaurs, which suggests that further studies of medullary bone in thoracic bones should also regard the pathological cases.En una reciente publicaci贸n de los huesos f贸siles de titanosaurios asignados al clado Aeolosaurini provenientes del yacimiento de Morro do Cambambe (estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, Cret谩cico Superior), se reconocieron anormalidades en el crecimiento de algunos de ellos. En el presente trabajo presentamos cortes osteohistol贸gicos de elementos para entender no s贸lo la microestructura y crecimiento de los mismos, sino tambi茅n la naturaleza de aquellas anomal铆as. Entre ellos, seleccionamos una costilla cervical y una costilla dorsal media posterior, as铆 como un arco hemal. El hueso primario de todos los espec铆menes comprend铆a una variaci贸n del complejo fibrolamelar, siendo la corteza interna rica en tejido reticular 贸seo con canales longitudinales dispersos, mientras que la corteza externa ten铆a fibras paralelas con hileras de canales longitudinales, intercaladas por l铆neas de crecimiento detenido. Identificamos un m谩ximo de dos l铆neas de crecimiento detenido tanto en la costilla cervical como en el arco hemal, y cuatro en la costilla dorsal. El arco hemal muestra un Sistema Externo Fundamental en la mayor铆a de las secciones. La remodelaci贸n avanzada y la variaci贸n del hueso fibrolamelar en la corteza, se sugiere que todas los espec铆menes alcanzaron la madurez sexual. Sin embargo, el arco hemal fue distinto debido a la amplia distribuci贸n de Sistema Externo Fundamental. Con base en la microestructura, identificamos un semaforonte subadulto, y probablemente a un adulto. La costilla dorsal mostr贸 una excrecencia peri贸stica y endosteal. Dicha microestructura se ha identificado con un hueso reactivo a una infecci贸n intrator谩cica (una neumon铆a, probablemente relacionada con una tuberculosis), que es el primer informe de un dinosaurio no aviano. La microestructura se asemeja al hueso medular recuperado en los dinosaurios, lo que sugiere que los estudios posteriores del hueso medular en los huesos tor谩cicos tambi茅n deber铆an considerar los casos patol贸gicos

    The first fossil avian egg from Brazil

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    Marsola, J.C.A., Grellet-Tinner, G., Montefeltro, F.C., SayAo, J.M., Hsiou, A.S. & Langer, M.C., 2014. The first fossil avian egg from Brazil. Alcheringa 38, 563-567. ISSN 0311-5518.In contrast to the rich record of eggs from non-avian dinosaurs, complete eggs attributable to Mesozoic birds are relatively scarce. Nevertheless, several well-preserved specimens have been discovered over the last three decades revealing functional and phylogenetic characters that shed light on the breeding strategies of extinct birds. Here we report the first fossil avian egg from Brazil, which was discovered in Upper Cretaceous strata of SAo Paulo in the southeastern part of the country. The taxonomic identity and structural features of the biomineralized tissues were determined using a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy, Wave Dispersion Energy analyses and Computed Tomography. These show that the 125.5-m-thick shell of the 31.4x19.5mm egg incorporates three structural layers of similar thickness with both prismatic and aprismatic boundaries. Close similarity between the Brazilian bird egg and those of enantiornithines from the Upper Cretaceous Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Rio Colorado Subgroup) of Argentina advocates affinity with basal Ornithothoraces. Furthermore, coherency of their depositional contexts might imply a compatible preference for breeding and nesting environments.Funda莽茫o de Amparo 脿 Pesquisa do Estado de S茫o Paulo (FAPESP
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