Study of blockage effects on scouring pattern downstream of box culverts

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.Culverts are locations in water courses where a constriction in the water occurs and therefore where blockage of some type is likely to occur. Blockage of culverts commonly occurs during flood events. When a culvert is partially blocked at the inlet, the flow structure in the barrel and at the outlet will change and consequently may result in the failure of the culvert. Despite this, the impacts of blockage on culvert hydraulics and downstream waterways have not received consideration in the literature. The purpose of this study is to mitigate this deficiency by reporting on an investigation into scouring at the outlet of partially blocked culverts. The aims of this study can be categorised as: • to investigate the effects of blockage on scour geometry and to develop predictive equations; • to study the flow structure at the outlet of partially blocked culverts and compare it with a non-blocked culvert to explain the previous findings; • to conduct the experiments in unsteady flow conditions which are more similar to flood events to validate the general findings To achieve these aims experimental tests were conducted under steady flow to investigate a relationship between the maximum scour extents, blockage ratio of the culvert and the flow characteristics. Both non-blocked and partially blocked conditions were considered. Consideration of the results obtained showed that the scoured area and maximum scour depth increased with partially blocked culverts conditions compared with equivalent non-blocked culverts. Because complete protection against scour is too expensive, generally, the maximum scour depth of the scour hole has to be predicted to minimize the risk of failure. Therefore, empirical equations were developed to predict the maximum scour depth, length and width at the outlet of blocked culverts. In the next stage and to have a better understanding of the turbulent flow conditions at the outlet of a partially blocked culvert an experimental program was designed to measure the longitudinal, lateral and vertical velocity components through the culvert barrel centreline and at the outlet. Tests were conducted in both non-blocked and partially blocked condition. Based on that, the turbulent flow characteristics such as turbulence intensity, turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress were obtained for each condition. Results showed that the turbulent flow characteristics in the partially blocked condition are significantly different in the barrel and at the outlet compared to a non-blocked condition of the same discharge. As the final step of this study, a test program was conducted under unsteady conditions in partially blocked and non-blocked culverts. The results were compared with previous results of steady tests and showed an agreement with previous steady flow tests

震災による節電要請後の行動変容とその連鎖-オフィスビルの室内環境と快適性-

早大学位記番号:新7489早稲田大

Cervical Laminoplasty for Multilevel Cervical Myelopathy

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy can result from degenerative cervical spondylosis, herniated disk material, osteophytes, redundant ligamentum flavum, or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Surgical intervention for multi-level myelopathy aims to decompress the spinal cord and maintain stability of the cervical spine. Laminoplasty was major surgical advancement as laminectomy resulted in kyphosis and unsatisfactory outcomes. Hirabayashi popularised the expansive open door laminoplasty which was later modified several surgeons. Laminoplasty has changed the way surgeons approach multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Awareness of the Role of Nutrition in Cancer Causation and Prevention among Rural Adult Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Background In recent years, nutrition has received an increasingly important role in the aetiology of cancer. Thus, public education about dietary factors associated with cancer risk or prevention could be an important intervention for cancer prevention, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the burden of cancer is increasing rapidly and access to care is limited. This study aimed to assess the awareness among rural adults about the role of nutrition in cancer development and its prevention. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 individuals in the adult population (\u3e 18 years) in rural field practice area of a Medical College in South Karnataka for 3 months (June-August 2023) using a convenient sampling technique. Nutritional knowledge on cancer prevention was assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire which included sociodemographic details and multiple-choice questions. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS V.26. Those who scored \u3e mean correct answer were considered as having good knowledge. Results Out of 300 study participants, 98% were aware of the disease of cancer, and 93% believed that nutrition played a role in cancer causation. 216 (72%) participants had good knowledge about role of nutrition in cancer causation and prevention whereas 84 (28%) had poor knowledge. A statistically significant association was observed between the participant’s age, religion and occupation with the knowledge level. Conclusion Majority of the participants had good knowledge about nutrition’s role in cancer causation and prevention

ANTILITHIATIC EFFECT OF CISSAMPELOS PAREIRA LEAVES IN AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND ETHYLENE GLYCOL INDUCED UROLITHISIS IN RATS

  Objective: To study the antilithiatic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cissampelos pareira (EELCP) in 2% ammonium chloride (AC) and 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis in albino rats.Methods: Kidney stones were induced in rats by feeding drinking water mixed with 2% (AC) and 0.75% (EG) for 10 days. Stones were confirmed by the increased urinary levels of calcium, uric acid and decreased levels of magnesium and increased levels of serum creatinine and calcium. The rats were treated with 03 doses of EELCP i.e. 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg respectively, orally in different groups of albino rats once daily for 10 days along with 2% (AC) and 0.75% (EG) containing drinking water. On 11th day, 3 rats from each group were kept in one metabolic cage and urine (pooled) collected for 24 hrs was subjected for assessment of various biochemical parameters. Blood was collected on the same day and analyzed for various parameters. Kidneys were observed for the histopathological changes.Results: Rats treated with 03 doses of EELCP significantly (p≤0.05) decreases the urinary calcium, uric acid and enhanced urinary magnesium levels, decreased serum calcium, creatinine and enhanced serum magnesium. Histopathology of kidneys in groups treated with EELCP at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses revealed less tissue damage and the cytology of nephrotic tissue was almost similar to the control Group I rats.Conclusion: Results showed EELCP has shown significant antilithiatic effect against chemical induced urolithiasis in rats.Keywords: Cissampelos pareira, Leaf extract, Antilithiatic activity, Urolithiasis, Ethylene glycol

Application of the Joyce Travelbee Model in the person-to-person relationship with older adults

Background: Travelbee's person-to-person relationship model is one of the most useful models in the nursing field because it postulates how the nurse-patient relationship can help improve health status and life satisfaction. Aim: To analyze the application of Joyce Travelbee's model in the person-to-person relationship with older adults. Method: it is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study developed in the nursing home "Mons. Tomas Romero Gross" with a population of 115 older adults of both genders, the data collection was carried out through a survey of therapeutic relationship based on Joyce Travelbee's model. Results: In the original encounter dimension most of the indicators were acceptable as well as emerging identities. In the empathy, compassion and transference dimensions the results were positive. Conclusion: The person-to-person relationship between the nurse and the older adult was good because most of the indicators were acceptable, which is positive because it demonstrates the existence of a relationship between both agents; however, these levels of relationship must be improved to reach optimal levels and thus improve the assistance and care provided to this highly vulnerable population as well as to improve the quality of life in later years

Estudio de caso: Fortalecimiento de competencias ciudadanas a través de estrategias mediadas por las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación

Este proyecto se realizó en la I.E. Diversificado de Chía, el tema a tratar fue el fortalecimiento de la competencia de convivencia y paz de las Competencias Ciudadanas, esto ya que a partir de la observación se logró identificar el problema: ¿cómo fortalecer la competencia de convivencia y paz de las Competencias Ciudadanas, sobre la base del respeto a través de estrategias mediadas por las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en los estudiantes de básica primaria, del grado 3 B perteneciente a la IE. Diversificado de Chía? Teniendo en cuenta la problemática identificada, se diseñó e implementó un ambiente de aprendizaje presencial mediado por las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación TIC, el cual contempló el desarrollo de una serie de estrategias y actividades cuya intención fue contribuir de forma significativa a la solución del problema anteriormente definido. De modo que, con el desarrollo de las actividades se recogieron los datos que posteriormente fueron analizados siguiendo el proceso de la teoría fundamentada, lo que implicó el planteamiento de 7 categorías sobre las cuales se centró el estudio, así en la medida que se analizaba cada uno de los documentos, se evidenció un avance importante en cuanto a la resolución de conflictos, los cuales mostraron una notoria reducción y por supuesto en lo que se refiere al fortalecimiento del respeto por parte de los estudiantes, tanto a sus compañeros como a sus docentes, ya que la escucha activa se tradujo en un buen comportamiento que favoreció el ambiente de convivencia y paz que era el objetivo de esta investigación . Nota: Para consultar la carta de autorización de publicación de este documento por favor copie y pegue el siguiente enlace en su navegador de internet: http://hdl.handle.net/10818/1240