Effect of Ti reinforcement on the physical and mechanical properties of AZ91/Ti composites

602-607Magnesium-metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic materials (TiO2, SiC, B4C, Al2O3) have better mechanical strength as compared to pure magnesium but their ductility is very low. On the other hand, the Mg-based composites reinforced with carbonaceous (carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, etc.) reinforcements have better wear resistance; however, there are chances of agglomeration of reinforcement. To overcome the limitations mentioned above; the Mg based composites reinforced with metallic reinforcements (Ti) have prepared in the present work. The physical and mechanical properties of prepared Mg/Ti composites have diagnosed experimentally. The density (green and sintered), hardness, compressive stress, and ductility have increased with the addition of Ti to the Mg matrix. Reason for increase in the density and other mechanical properties after the addition of Ti to the Mg matrix is the increased compressibility, reduced porosity and proper mechanical bonding of Mg-Ti. The maximum hardness (47.5 BHN) and ultimate compressive strength (187 MPa) has obtained for Mg + 6% Ti composite

Simplified micromechanics approach to analysis the performance of UD composites

A simplified micromechanical approach is used for the modelling and analysis of unidirectional (UD) compositeperformance. In this paper, the influence of volume fraction and constituent properties on the effective longitudinal,transverse, and shear properties of unidirectional composites are investigated. These effective properties are determinedusing the micromechanical approach, which is based on mathematical modelling using the rule of mixtures. Four differenttypes of unidirectional composites such as T300/BSL914C, IM7/8511-7, T300/PR319, and S2-Glass/epoxy were used foranalysis purposes. The method was validated with existing experimental results. The response is dependent on an array ofparameters, such as the orientation of fibers, the volume fractions of fibers, array of fibers and the material properties oftheir constituents. Further, this micromechanical method might be used with other reinforcing fibers for the prediction ofproperties of UD, hybrid and other composites architectures

Current Status and Way Forward of Microwave Hybrid Heating in India: A Bibliometric Analysis

Automotive and aerospace industries are keen to employ unique techniques and novel materials to reduce weight and cost and improve part performance. The application of microwave technology in the processing of metallic materials is a relative breakthrough in this direction. Recently, microwave hybrid heating (MHH) has evolved to extend the technique's utility further. Several studies on MHH have been carried out worldwide in the last three decades, and India is the prime contributor. This article documents a systematic and bibliographic review of MHH (between 1998-2022) in the Indian scenario. For this purpose, 125 documents are chosen from Scopus Core Collection and analyzed using a bibliometric analysis tool. The research status is examined based on the time distribution of articles, geography, top-cited documents, citation mapping of journals and researchers, mapping of co-occurrence, analysis of authors' keywords, country-wise publications, and cluster assessment. The result establishes that India is dominating, followed by theUSA. Moreover, there is an increasing trend in the number of publications. A guideline is also included to revive the research community's interest to mature the process further

Influence of TAC/Ti/Si3N4 on mechanical and corrosion performance of AA7075 alloy matrix composite processed by stir processing route

In modernistic years, Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are becoming enchanting in fields of aerospace, military, defence and automobile applications reason being they offer merit such as high strength to weight proportion, good tribological, good corrosion resistance, excellent fatigue and creep performance and good bending behaviour etc. In the current research, an attempt was made to synthesize AA7075 blended with distinct wt% of Titanium (Ti), Tantalum Carbide(TaC) and Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) multi hybrid MMCs were examined. Microstructural, flexural, corrosion and low cyclefatigue aspects of the developed multi hybrid MMCs were examined as per ASTM standard. The brittleness of Si3N4, TaC and Ti particulates structured with the interface betwixt matrix culminates in increment in the flexural strength of thecomposite. The bending analysis clearly shows that, TaC and Si3N4 are the major contributing materials for flexural aspect because the presence of hard ceramic particulates restricts the dislocation movement by providing additional strength. Microstructural analysis reveals the existence of reinforcements. Also, homogeneous dissemination and good interfacial bonding betwixt the matrix and reinforcement particulates were noticed. AA7075 reinforced with 1 wt% Ti, 6 wt% Si3N4 and 0.5 wt% TaC operated at higher load (1500 N) and higher number of cycles 14x103 cycles with a stable strain rate. Thenumber of cycles to failure was observed to be enhanced for the matured composites on account of an inconsequential percentage of induced plastic strain

Microstructural evolution in hot compressed TiHy 600 titanium alloy

TiHy 600 alloy is a near alpha titanium alloy, widely used for gas turbine engine applications such as disc and blades for high pressure compressors. One drawback of this alloy is that it is susceptible to cold dwell fatigue, which is due to the presence of micro-textured zones. Thus, appropriate processing parameters (i.e. temperature, strain and strain rate) are required to reduce the size of the micro-textured region. In order to find out the optimized processing parameters, hot compression tests were performed up to 50% engineering strain at temperatures range of 900oC-1050oC and strain rate range of 10-3 to 101 s-1 using thermo-mechanical simulator (Gleeble 3800®). Flow behavior characteristics were studied from the data obtained during hot compression and processing map was developed at true strain of 0.6 using Dynamic Materials Modeling (DMM) approach. Microstructural examination of deformed TiHy 600 titanium alloy were carried out at a particular strain rate of 10-3 s-1 and temperatures of 900oC, 950oC, 975oC, 1000oC and 1050oC. Microstructural examination consists of orientation image mapping along compression direction using electron backscatter diffraction. Hot compression mostly resulted into new dynamic recrystallized (DRX) alpha grains at 900oC, mixture of deformed large alpha grains containing subgrain boundaries and transformed beta phase consisting of secondary alpha laths at 950oC and 975oC and alpha laths transformed from deformed beta grains at 1000oC and 1050oC

Influence of industrial by-products on the behavior of geopolymer concrete for sustainable development

433-445Carbon dioxideemission in cement industries is a great concern for environment, which is increasing day by day. Therefore, it is very essential to find a possible material that can be used as a replacement of cement. Geopolymer concrete is a kind of inorganic concrete elucidating the formal usage of industrial and natural waste in either single or combined form. Geopolymers are amorphous covalently bonded by a 3D network of inorganic molecules of aluminosilicate material. The formation of geopolymer concrete is greatly influenced by several factors such as binder chemical reaction, curing temperature/period, molarity of the solution, and rate of polymerization. The curing temperature helps in deciding the properties of geopolymer. Performance variables for geopolymer concrete such as selection of alkaline binder with pozzolana (Fly ash, slag, silica fume etc.) and interrelationship of GPC, reinforcing agent in geopolymer concrete with components responsible for durability are summarized in detail. The durability of concrete is reviewed with structure with shrinkage-resistant, resistant to sulfate attack, and consequences of carbonation. The various consequences of corrosion are also summarized in last of present review paper. Different research findings in this paper proves successfully that geopolymer is better construction material as compare to cement-based concrete

Influence of industrial by-products on the behavior of geopolymer concrete forsustainable development

Carbon dioxide emission in cement industries is a great concern for environment, which is increasing day by day.Therefore, it is very essential to find a possible material that can be used as a replacement of cement. Geopolymer concreteis a kind of inorganic concrete elucidating the formal usage of industrial and natural waste in either single or combinedform. Geopolymers are amorphous covalently bonded by a 3D network of inorganic molecules of aluminosilicate material.The formation of geopolymer concrete is greatly influenced by several factors such as binder chemical reaction, curingtemperature/period, molarity of the solution, and rate of polymerization. The curing temperature helps in deciding theproperties of geopolymer. Performance variables for geopolymer concrete such as selection of alkaline binder withpozzolana (Fly ash, slag, silica fume etc.) and interrelationship of GPC, reinforcing agent in geopolymer concrete withcomponents responsible for durability are summarized in detail. The durability of concrete is reviewed with structure withshrinkage-resistant, resistant to sulfate attack, and consequences of carbonation. The various consequences of corrosion arealso summarized in last of present review paper. Different research findings in this paper proves successfully thatgeopolymer is better construction material as compare to cement-based concrete

Friction Stir Process: A Comprehensive Review on Material and Methodology

In recent year, advancement of the materials and processing of the material identified as research zone to make an impact in aerospace, automobile, marine and bio-medical implants application. Improvement of the material structure and surface associated with high energy requirements as well as may contain environments harmful content, like physical and chemical vapor deposition consumes high energy and extract toxic elements. Friction stir process (FSP) is surface modification and surface composites fabrication process, which works as a solid-state process. This process based on friction between the tool and workpiece which generates heat used for modification of the material. There is no fumes generation and low energy requirement, so it comes under the domain of green technology. Customized vertical milling machine is used to perform friction stir process/welding. In this review paper, an attempt has been made to study the FSP process at a glance with brief bibliometric analysis of relevant research in last two decades. Influence of the key process parameters i.e., rotational speed, traverse speed, tool geometry and machining parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties have also been discussed. A case study on the process parameter optimization range has been done to ensure the range of parameters. This study helps to reduce the defects during the process and improve the associated properties of the processed material. Potential difficulties and the possible measures have also been suggested for giving the future direction

Electrical Discharge Coating a Potential Surface Engineering Technique: A State of the Art

Electrical discharge coating (EDC) process is used to deposit material on workpiece surface from sacrificial or green compact tool electrode in an electrical discharge machine. The paper presents the mechanism of EDC using green compact electrode and powder mixed dielectric methods. The tool electrode material, electrode size, process parameters, and type of dielectrics can directly affect the surface integrity of workpiece. Here, a process map of EDC as a function of process parameters, its classification, advantages, and applications for a wide range of engineering materials offers a proper template for the evaluation of coating phenomena. This study shows that EDC is an economic process as compared to other costlier techniques. Additionally, the effect of various EDM and EDC parameters on surface integrity and tribological behavior of deposited coatings is studied with their pros and cons. Finally, the current research trends of EDC and its challenges are elaborated.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Strength Evaluation of Functionalized MWCNT-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites Synthesized Using a 3D Mixing Approach

The incorporation of carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT- COOH) into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been investigated. The resultant tensile and flexural mechanical properties have been determined. In this paper, a novel synthesis process for a MWCNT-reinforced polymer nanocomposite is proposed. The proposed method significantly eliminates the most challenging issues of the nano-dispersed phase, including agglomeration and non-homogeneous mixing within a given matrix material, and also resolves the issues occurring in conventional mixing processes. The results of scanning electron microscopy support these claims. This 3D-mixing process is followed by an extrusion process, using a twin-screw extruder for pristine MWCNT, and a compression molding process for COOH-MWCNT, to prepare test specimens for experimentally determining the mechanical properties. The test specimens are fabricated using 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% MWCNT, with a remaining PMMA phase. The testing is conducted according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D7264 standards. Significant improvements of 25.41%, 35.85%, and 31.75% in tensile properties and 18.27%, 48%, and 33.33% in flexural properties for 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% COOH-MWCNT in PMMA, respectively, compared to non-functionalized MWCNTs, were demonstrated. The highest strength was recorded for the nanocomposite with 0.5 wt.% f-MWCNT content, indicating the best doping effect at a lower concentration of f-MWCNT. The proposed CNT-PMMA nanocomposite may be found suitable for use as a scaffold material in the domain of bone tissue engineering research. This type of research possesses a high strength requirement, which may be fulfilled using MWCNT. Furthermore, this analysis also shows a significant amount of enhancement in flexural strength, which is clinically required for fabricating denture bases.This research was funded by a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation, and Digitalization, project number PFE 26/30.12.2021, PERFORM-CDI@UPT100—The increasing of the performance of the Polytechnic University of Timis, oara by strengthening the research, development, and technology transfer capacity in the field of “Energy, Environment and Climate Change” at the beginning of the second century of its existence, within Program 1—Development of the national system of Research and Development, Subprogram 1.2—Institutional Performance-Institutional Development Projects—Excellence Funding Projects in RDI, PNCDI III.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio