Factors that Predict Infant Temperament: A Jordanian Study

Purpose The purpose of the study was to test the association between infant temperament and factors such as socioeconomic status, infant age, breastfeeding, and marital satisfaction. Design and methods A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 278 Arabic speaking Jordanian women with infants in their first year of life from three health centers in Irbid, Jordan. The temperament of the infant was assessed using the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ), a 20-item tool where the mothers were asked to provide a rating of infant behavior on a 5-point scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25. Results Descriptive statistics were used to summarize characteristics of the participants. Multiple regressions showed a significant model of factors that correlate to infant temperament (F = 2.930, p = .01); having assistance to care for the infant (B = 3.058, p = .019), marital satisfaction (B = −0.127, p = .049), and infant feeding method (B = 0.147, p = .016) were the only significant predictors for infant temperament. Conclusion Marital satisfaction, feeding method, and assistance in caring for the infant are factors that predict infant temperament. Moreover, some aspects of these factors are modifiable. Practice Implications: Nurses should be aware of the factors that are associated with infant temperament so that they can teach the family, ‘teachers’ in daycare centers, and the public about potential moderators of infant temperament

Undergraduate health profession students attitudes toward illicit substance users in Jordan

Background: The use of illicit substances is a critical international issue that must be addressed by healthcare systems worldwide. Today, the problem of illicit substance use is increasingly becoming a burden on healthcare systems in both developed and developing countries. The aims of this study were: (1) to describe the attitudes of health major undergraduate students (the study participants) toward illicit substance users; (2) to describe the discriminatory behaviors among the study participants toward illicit substance users; and (3) to examine the relationship between the attitudes and the actual discriminatory behaviors of the study participants. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to investigate the attitudes and behaviors of health professional undergraduate students enrolled at university in Jordan. Results: Students who were younger and identified as female were generally more positive toward illicit substance users versus those students who were older and identified as male. Conclusion: The findings of this study supported the literature that students who were younger and identified as female were generally more positive toward illicit substance users versus those students who were older and identified as male. It is therefore important to determine whether the type of courses in health majors available for undergraduate students affects their attitudes toward illicit substance users

Effect of the Helping Babies Breathe Training Program: An Experimental Study on Jordanian Midwives\u27 Knowledge and Skills

The Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) training program trains providers in effective resuscitation of infants in developing countries. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the HBB training program on midwives\u27 knowledge and skills in Northern Jordan. Using a nonequivalent control group design, 50 midwives (control, n = 25; experimental, n = 25) from 3 public hospitals in Northern Jordan were recruited and their knowledge and skills were evaluated before and after the training. The program has 3 aspects: 2 hours of teaching, 1 hour of testing, and 25 minutes of skills assessment per participant. The skills were tested individually for each participant, and they were reevaluated at 8 months after. The control and experimental groups significantly differed in posttest scores on knowledge, Objective Structured Clinical Examination A and B skills, and bag-mask application after adjusting for covariates. The HBB training program significantly enhanced knowledge of midwives in the experimental group (P \u3c .05) and demonstrated skills. The HBB training program was helpful in improving midwives\u27 knowledge and practices on immediate care of a newborn baby. Therefore, training midwives using the HBB training program can improve their knowledge and skills and thereby improve infant outcomes in Jordan

Predictors of social response to COVID-19 among health care workers caring for individuals with confirmed COVID-19 in Jordan [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 forced public health authorities around the world to call for national emergency plans. Public responses, in the form of social discrimination and stigmatizing behaviors, are increasingly being observed against individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for those individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the perception of social discrimination and coping strategies, and explore predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive-comparative design to collect data, using a convenience sample of 105 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and 109 HCWs using a web-based survey format. Results: In this study, individuals confirmed with COVID-19 reported a high level of social discrimination compared with HCWs (t = 2.62, p < 0.01), while HCWs reported a high level of coping with COVID-19 compared to individuals with COVID-19 (t = -3.91, p < 0.001). Educational level, age, monthly income, and taking over-the-counter medication were predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Conclusions: The findings showed that individuals with confirmed COVID-19 were more likely to face social discrimination, and HCWs cope with COVID-19 better than ordinary individuals with confirmed COVID-19

Levels and predictors of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress among nursing students: a cross sectional study

Abstract Background High levels of empathy and self-awareness and low level of stress among nursing students are the core elements of improving patients’ care and outcomes. The purpose of this study is to assess the levels, relationships, and predictors of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress in a sample of undergraduate Jordanian nursing students. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed to collect data from 330 students using a web-based survey. Results The total mean scores of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress were 75.75, 40.17, and 55.65, respectively. Students who are studying in public universities, with higher GPA, who have no intention to leave nursing, and who are satisfied with nursing; reported higher level of empathy. Students with lower income level, who have no intention to leave nursing, and who are satisfied with nursing; reported higher level of self-awareness. Female students, those who sleeping 6 h and less, did not get a balanced diet or perform exercise, studying in public universities, lower GPA, have intention to leave nursing, and did not satisfy with nursing; reported higher level of perceived stress. Conclusions Nursing students reported adequate empathy level, low self-awareness level, and moderate perceived stress level. Students who are satisfied and have no intention to leave nursing reported higher level of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress. It is necessary to conduct interventional programs that enhance students’ well-being especially empathy and self-awareness, and reduce the level of their stress

Assessment on CPR Knowledge and AED Availability in Saudi Malls by Security Personnel: Public Safety Perspective

Security personnel are the first ones who attend the scene in the case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) at malls. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is not enough for those patients; they need an automated external defibrillator (AED) to bring the heart to function normally. This study aimed to assess the current status of CPR and AED knowledge and availability in Saudi malls by security personnel. Using a descriptive design, a study was conducted at seven malls located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Two hundred and fifty participants were surveyed using the American Heart Association (AHA) 2015 guidelines to assess CPR and AED knowledge and availability in Saudi malls. The sample mean age was 32.60 years (SD = 10.02), and 87% of participants were working as security personnel. The majority of the participants had not received training about CPR and AED (75.8% and 95.2%, respectively). Common misconceptions are fallen into all categories of CPR and AED knowledge. Correctly answered statements ranged from 7.2% in the compression rate to 24.2% in hand placement. The study results indicated a poor training knowledge of CPR and AED in public settings. Integrating high-quality CPR and AED knowledge within the school and college curricula is a vital need. However, in order to maximize the survival rate, it is important to set laws and legislation adopted by stakeholders and decision makers to advocate the people who try to help, mandate AED installation in crowded places, and mandate teaching hands-only CPR and AED together as a package