Reliability assessment of cables and overhead lines of the voltage levels 110-kV and 380-kV.

Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersDie Auswertung von Störungsdaten der Freileitungen und Kabeln des österreichischen Hochspannungsnetzes für Spannungsebenen 110-kV und 380-kV im Zeitraum 1979-2001 wird mittels ein Rechnerprogramms ermittelt.Das Ziel dieser Auswertung ist die Ermittlung der Zuverlässigkeitskenngrößen der Netzkomponenten(Leitungen und Kabeln) mit Berücksichtigung der Abschaltursachen.Weitere Schwerpunkte sind: Systemübergreifender Vergleich von Zuverlässigkeitskenngrößen.Aufgliederung der Zuverlässigkeitskenngrößen nach defekten und beschädigten Komponenten.The evaluation of outage data of the overhead lines and cables of the Austrian high-voltage network system for voltage levels 110-kV and 380-kV in the period 1979-2001 one determines by means of computing program.The goal of this evaluation is the determination of the reliability characteristics of the network components (lines and cables) with consideration of the switching off causes.Further emphasis is:System-spreading comparison of reliability characteristics. Breakdown of the reliability characteristics after defective and damaged components.16

On the Trade-Off between Environmental and Economic Objectives in Community Energy Storage Operational Optimization

The need to limit climate change has led to policies that aim for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Often, a trade-off exists between reducing emissions and associated costs. In this article, a multi-objective optimization framework is proposed to determine this trade-off when operating a Community Energy Storage (CES) system in a neighbourhood with high shares of photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation capacity. The Pareto frontier of costs and emissions objectives is established when the CES system would operate on the day-Ahead spot market. The emission profile is constructed based on the marginal emissions. Results show that costs and emissions can simultaneously be decreased for a range of solutions compared to reference scenarios with no battery or a battery only focused on increasing self-consumption, for very attractive CO2 abatement costs and without hampering self-consumption of PV-generated electricity. Results are robust for battery degradation, whereas battery efficiency is found to be an important determining factor for simultaneously decreasing costs and emissions. The operational schedules are tested against violating transformer, line and voltage limits through a load flow analysis. The proposed framework can be extended to employ a wide range of objectives and/or location-specific circumstances

On the Trade-Off between Environmental and Economic Objectives in Community Energy Storage Operational Optimization

The need to limit climate change has led to policies that aim for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Often, a trade-off exists between reducing emissions and associated costs. In this article, a multi-objective optimization framework is proposed to determine this trade-off when operating a Community Energy Storage (CES) system in a neighbourhood with high shares of photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation capacity. The Pareto frontier of costs and emissions objectives is established when the CES system would operate on the day-Ahead spot market. The emission profile is constructed based on the marginal emissions. Results show that costs and emissions can simultaneously be decreased for a range of solutions compared to reference scenarios with no battery or a battery only focused on increasing self-consumption, for very attractive CO2 abatement costs and without hampering self-consumption of PV-generated electricity. Results are robust for battery degradation, whereas battery efficiency is found to be an important determining factor for simultaneously decreasing costs and emissions. The operational schedules are tested against violating transformer, line and voltage limits through a load flow analysis. The proposed framework can be extended to employ a wide range of objectives and/or location-specific circumstances

How to Optimise the Over Production of PV Electricity into the Grid with the Implementation of ICT Devices - The OrPHEuS Project

The OrPHEuS project elaborates hybrid energy network control strategies for smart cities implementing novel cooperative approach for the optimal interactions between multiple energy grids. The OrPHEuS project aims at optimising the synergies between multiple energy grids by enabling simultaneous optimization for individual response requirements, energy efficiencies and energy savings as well as coupled operational, economic and social impacts. The project will investigate the implementation of the control strategies on specific use cases scenario in two demonstration sites located in the City of Skellefteå in Sweden and in the City of Ulm in Germany. The operational focus of the project is the cross-domain coupling of energy infrastructures in order to increase energy efficiency through energy transformation and grid coupling. In particular, the project researches scenarios for transition between energy resources and flexible infrastructures e.g. along Power-to-Heat processes. It investigates the balancing of fluctuating renewable energy generation against the flexibility in supply, demand and storage capacities within the power grid and via process coupling across energy networks. The project will look on technical as well as socio-economical aspects considered as multi-dimensional strategy framework. With respect to the hybrid energy characteristics, both demonstration sites are quite distinct. At the demonstration site in Sweden, the reduction of vertical production (driven unsustainable with fossil fuel) is in the centre of the targeted control strategies. Looking on the specifics of the Ulm testing site, the major issue is the balancing of the high penetration of solar generation under today’s operation with a pre-dominant operational challenge for PV control. The key focus is to define control strategies to increase the intake of the energy supply from PV on the roof generation into the grid while maximizing the benefits for the low voltage power grid. The 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC) in Amsterdam represented a unique opportunity to present information on the methodology adopted by the OrPHEuS Consortium to optimise the synergies between multiple energy grids. On the occasion of the EU PVSEC the OrPHEuS Consortium focused the project presentation on how to optimise the PV electricity production with the implementation of Information and Communication (ICT) devices at the Ulm demonstration site, the Test area in Einsingen, which presents an over production of the PV electricity of 230 MWh annually. The average annual electrical consumption is around 1000 MWh