THE BALANCING ACT: Aspirations and Accommodations involving Work and Family Life

Traditional families believe that the father should work full-time outside of the home, while the mother’s full-time job is to stay at home and take care of family needs; however both men and women have begun to reject traditional gender roles as they reconsider what constitutes a family and how families operate (Mosser & Hanson, 2012).Many men and women have expressed their desire to develop new skills, face new challenges, and overcome obstacles outside of the traditional gendered domains of work and family.Several recent studies showed that more women desire greater responsibility in the workforce, and more men aspire to play an increasingly active role in parenting their children (Aumann, Bond, Galinsky, 2011, Deusen, Harrington, & Humberd, 2011).Shifting from traditional to modern gender roles has created more tension and conflict within families as parents question their conflicting roles and identities in the home and workplace

How many invariant polynomials are needed to decide local unitary equivalence of qubit states?

Given L-qubit states with the fixed spectra of reduced one-qubit density matrices, we find a formula for the minimal number of invariant polynomials needed for solving local unitary (LU) equivalence problem, that is, problem of deciding if two states can be connected by local unitary operations. Interestingly, this number is not the same for every collection of the spectra. Some spectra require less polynomials to solve LU equivalence problem than others. The result is obtained using geometric methods, i.e. by calculating the dimensions of reduced spaces, stemming from the symplectic reduction procedure.Comment: 22 page

Properties and characterization of ALD grown dielectric oxides for MIS structures

We report on an extensive structural and electrical characterization of under-gate dielectric oxide insulators Al2O3 and HfO2 grown by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). We elaborate the ALD growth window for these oxides, finding that the 40-100 nm thick layers of both oxides exhibit fine surface flatness and required amorphous structure. These layers constitute a base for further metallic gate evaporation to complete the Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor structure. Our best devices survive energizing up to ~3 MV/cm at 77 K with the leakage current staying below the state-of-the-art level of 1 nA. At these conditions the displaced charge corresponds to a change of the sheet carrier density of 3 \times 1013 cm-2, what promises an effective modulation of the micromagnetic properties in diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 14 reference

Effect of acute exposure to cadmium on the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), calcitonin (CT), somatostatin (SST) and synaptophysin (SYN) in the C cells of the rat thyroid - a preliminary study

The aim of the present study was to determine to what degree acute exposure to cadmium affects the expression of CGRP, CT, SST and SYN in the C cells of the rat thyroid. Animals from 7 experimental groups received CdCl2 iv. in doses of 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1 and 0.5 mg/kg b.w. respectively, while the control animals were given 0.9% NaCl iv. 24 hours after the iv. administration of CdCl2, a correlation was found between a single dose of cadmium and the intensity of the immunocytochemical reactions for CGRP, CT, SST and SYN in C cells of the rat thyroid when compared to the control. The weakest immunocytochemical reactions were noted in C cells of the thyroid of rats from Groups I and II, their intensity gradually increasing in Groups III, IV and V in comparison to the control. The reaction intensity in animals of Groups VI and VII resembled those of the control

Six degree-of-freedom analysis of hip, knee, ankle and foot provides updated understanding of biomechanical work during human walking

Measuring biomechanical work performed by humans and other animals is critical for understanding muscle–tendon function, jointspecific contributions and energy-saving mechanisms during locomotion. Inverse dynamics is often employed to estimate jointlevel contributions, and deformable body estimates can be used to study work performed by the foot. We recently discovered that these commonly used experimental estimates fail to explain whole-body energy changes observed during human walking. By re-analyzing previously published data, we found that about 25% (8 J) of total positive energy changes of/about the body’s center-of-mass and \u3e30% of the energy changes during the Push-off phase of walking were not explained by conventional joint- and segment-level work estimates, exposing a gap in our fundamental understanding of work production during gait. Here, we present a novel Energy-Accounting analysis that integrates various empirical measures of work and energy to elucidate the source of unexplained biomechanical work. We discovered that by extending conventional 3 degree-of-freedom (DOF) inverse dynamics (estimating rotational work about joints) to 6DOF (rotational and translational) analysis of the hip, knee, ankle and foot, we could fully explain the missing positive work. This revealed that Push-off work performed about the hip may be \u3e50% greater than conventionally estimated (9.3 versus 6.0 J, P=0.0002, at 1.4 m s−1 ). Our findings demonstrate that 6DOF analysis (of hip– knee–ankle–foot) better captures energy changes of the body than more conventional 3DOF estimates. These findings refine our fundamental understanding of how work is distributed within the body, which has implications for assistive technology, biomechanical simulations and potentially clinical treatment

Antireflective photonic structure for coherent nonlinear spectroscopy of single magnetic quantum dots

This work presents epitaxial growth and optical spectroscopy of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in (Cd,Zn,Mg)Te barriers placed on the top of (Cd,Zn,Mg)Te distributed Bragg reflector. The formed photonic mode in our half-cavity structure permits to enhance the local excitation intensity and extraction efficiency of the QD photoluminescence, while suppressing the reflectance within the spectral range covering the QD transitions. This allows to perform coherent, nonlinear, resonant spectroscopy of individual QDs. The coherence dynamics of a charged exciton is measured via four-wave mixing, with the estimated dephasing time $T_2=(210\,\pm\,40)$ ps. The same structure contains QDs doped with single Mn$^{2+}$ ions, as detected in photoluminescence spectra. Our work therefore paves the way toward investigating and controlling an exciton coherence coupled, via $s$,$p$-$d$ exchange interaction, with an individual spin of a magnetic dopant.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Electrical transport properties of Yb8-xYxV2O17 (x = 0; 2; 8)

The UV-vis-NIR and electrical properties of Yb8xYxV2O17 for x = 0, 2, and 8 were investigated. The band energy gap of 2.6 eV determined for Yb6Y2V2O17 (x = 2) and comparable for the remaining compounds with x = 0 and 8 is characteristic for insulators. Low electrical conductivity with a characteristic minimum shifting to higher temperatures from 322, via 360 to 370 K in the sequence x = 0, 2 and 8, which decreases with increasing content of ytterbium was observed. Temperature dependence of thermoelectric power showed np transition at 410 and 467 K for x = 0 and 2, respectively, and n-type conductivity for x = 8, indicating mainly n-type electrical conductivity. A breakdown voltage of 26 V/mm is mainly observed for the IV characteristics at 400 K and showing a varistor-like behawior[…

Influence of Cr-substitution on the electrical properties of Fe1-xCrxSnSbO6

Fe1xCrxSnSbO6 solid solution shows semiconducting behaviour with the activation energy decreasing from EA = 0:64 eV for x = 0:0 to EA = 0:32 eV for x = 1:0 in the intrinsic conductivity temperature region as well as the n-type conduction at room temperature. The I–V characteristics and the conductance G at 300 and 400 K showed symmetrical and nonlinear behavior in the voltage range (–100, 100 V) suggesting the electron emission over the potential barrier especially for the boundary compounds FeSnSbO6 and CrSnSbO6. These effects are discussed in the context of the energy gap Eg > 1:6 eV many times greater than the thermal energy kT