チョウオンソク ヒテイジョウリュウ スウチ カイセキヨウ パネルホウ プログラム ノ テイシキカ

For the design of aeronautical vehicles, it is necessary to predict not only steady aerodynamic characteristics but also unsteady ones. However, current numerical tools for the latter are insufficient especially in the case of supersonic flow. In this paper, mathematical formulation of a boundary-element-type panel method is achieved for supersonic unsteady flow calculations. Linearized Euler equation is transformed to an integral form, which is partially simplified according to Morino\u27s method. The integral equation is discretized to a linear algebraic equation by raplacing the boundary surface with an assembly of triangular panels. To ensure the continuity of doublet density on panel edges, linearly varying distribution is adopted on each panel. The shape of the panel assembly and its attitude can be specified arbitrarily within the limit of linearization validness, which enlarges the ability of this method compared to the current panel method programs for supersonic unsteady flow

Adhesive Properties of Poly N-phenyl maleirnide

Adhesive strength of poly N-phenyl maleimide was measured by an Instrontype machine. Adhesivity of this polymer to several metals such as cupper， aluminium，iron and brass was not better than that of the commercial adhesives. Copolymers with vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate improved adhesive strength. Among metals，brass showed the weakest adhesion to polymers used

Quality of care associated with number of cases seen and self-reports of clinical competence for Japanese physicians-in-training in internal medicine

BACKGROUND: The extent of clinical exposure needed to ensure quality care has not been well determined during internal medicine training. We aimed to determine the association between clinical exposure (number of cases seen), self- reports of clinical competence, and type of institution (predictor variables) and quality of care (outcome variable) as measured by clinical vignettes. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using univariate and multivariate linear analyses in 11 teaching hospitals in Japan. Participants were physicians-in-training in internal medicine departments. Main outcome measure was standardized t-scores (quality of care) derived from responses to five clinical vignettes. RESULTS: Of the 375 eligible participants, 263 (70.1%) completed the vignettes. Most were in their first (57.8%) and second year (28.5%) of training; on average, the participants were 1.8 years (range = 1–8) after graduation. Two thirds of the participants (68.8%) worked in university-affiliated teaching hospitals. The median number of cases seen was 210 (range = 10–11400). Greater exposure to cases (p = 0.0005), higher self-reports of clinical competence (p = 0.0095), and type of institution (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with higher quality of care, using a multivariate linear model and adjusting for the remaining factors. Quality of care rapidly increased for the first 100 to 200 cases seen and tapered thereafter. CONCLUSION: The amount of clinical exposure and levels of self-reports of clinical competence, not years after graduation, were positively associated with quality of care, adjusting for the remaining factors. The learning curve tapered after about 200 cases