The effect of starter cultures on the qualitative indicators of dry fermented sausages made from poultry meat

ArticleChanges in physicochemical, rheological and microbiological properties occurring throughout the ripening (on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28) of dry fermented sausages made from poultry meat were studied. The effect of starter bacteria on the microstructure and sensory attributes of dry fermented sausages has also been determined. The results of physicochemical analysis of dry fermented sausage shows no significant difference (P 0.05) between the control and inoculated batches in lowering the pH level, changing the critical shear stress, growth of viable microorganisms, accumulation of amine nitrogen during ripening was established. The results show, that inculcation of starter cultures accelerates biochemical processes during fermentation and thereby provides the necessary functional and technological properties of minced meat. Sensory profiling showed a more significant (P < 0.05) acidic and spicy flavour and intensity of acidic and smoked meat aroma; and increased firmness and cohesiveness in inoculated sausage. The results of microstructural analysis showed that the dry fermented sausages that ripened with the starter bacteria (Lactobacillus curvatus, Staphylococcus carnosus, Pediococcus pentosaceus), differ from the control sample compacted as a thin surface layer which is formed during the drying, smoking and maturation, and that indicates more uniform moisture removal

Comparison of graphic expression of dependences of transporter cut profile of threshing-separating unit on the second volume and spike fraction humidity

Introduction. Threshing is a multifactorial process which is affected, in particular, by the feedrate of the crop, the specific weight of the threshed grain and return, separation rates, weediness and moisture of the crop. From this point of view, the issues of optimizing the profile of the transporter cut, which allows for threshing and separation with the least effort, are also relevant. It was also experimentally established that the threshing process is affected by the volume of grain material delivered per second (second feed) and the unit velocity.Materials and Methods. The studies were conducted on a test bench equipped with a threshing-separating device in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid. When performing the work, the width of the drum was divided into three zones, and the length – into five cells. Wheat grain, obtained through threshing and separation in each zone and cell, came to individual containers. Straw was collected separately. Then, the grain and straw were weighed. The resulting data was processed by statistical and mathematical methods.Research Results. The lengths of each cell were calculated based on the ratio of the total separation and the amount of grain mass per unit length. The lengths of each cell were calculated depending on changes in humidity. Indicators of the ratio between mass humidity and cell length are presented in the form of a table. By the given table values for different moisture levels of the grain mass, graphs were constructed, each of which was described by a mathematical model considering the drum length and width. An averaged cut profile is presented for the treated plant mass with humidity of 8%, 12%, 16%, 20%, and 24%.Discussion and Conclusions. Analysis of the data in this paper and earlier ones provides the comparison of the graphic expression of the dependences of the transporter cut profile on the second volume and humidity of the grain mass entering it. It has been established that the cut profile curves are identical along the entire length of the drum. The confidence factor is close to 1, which indicates the accuracy of the model. The identity of the averaged cut profiles is obviously dependent on moisture of the plant mass and on the second feed

Optical Device for Measuring Small Displacements of Control Objects Surfaces with Protection from External Mechanical Loading

The paper describes high-precision contactless optical devices for measuring small linear and angular displacements of the surfaces of control objects based on modern laser technologies and new methods of optical interferometry. A new scientific-based technical solution has been proposed, which allows one to provide continuous protection against the influence of external mechanical loading in the measurement process. The proposed technical solutions are successfully used to solve actual scientific and industrial problems and can also be successfully used to control the quality of structural materials and diagnostics of the state of goods under operating conditions in mechanical engineering, shipbuilding, aircraft construction, etc