1,350 research outputs found
Truths and euphemisms: How euphemisms are used in the political arena
Politicians are notorious for their employment of words in a disguised fashion through the usage of euphemisms. Consequently, their message becomes a recurrent theme of conspicuous deception. Elected government representatives deliberately engage in grandiloquent expression conscious of its subversive capacity. The deviancy of euphemisms is guided by social norms that politicians are permitted to exercise in order to safeguard their images. When politicians envelop seemingly good intentions with conscious deception, people are harmed in the process. Those in power transgress justice and commit crimes with their overwhelming command of euphemisms. In fact, euphemisms are utilized as masks, hiding truths under the protective tones of a speaker with a genuine, worthwhile goal. Selective vocabulary is employed to arouse, rationalize and justify. To achieve this end, politicians misrepresent the facts of various political situations by using terms that completely transform or falsify them. Euphemisms are used simplistically in daily conversations. However, where they are used and misused more frequently is in the political arena, in such cases as âsoft targetsâ or âpeace keepersâ or âcollateral damage.â These expressions are heard frequently, while past ones are forgotten and new ones primed in their place as transgressions continue. In this paper, I will make use of Jurgen Habermasâ public sphere theory, a critical theory that demonstrates how the audienceâs outlook affects political action. This article will demonstrate the deliberate use of euphemisms in political language both as a cultural element and as one that is constantly changing to suit the ever-changing political arena
Geometric rigidity of constant heat flow
Let be a compact Riemannian manifold with smooth boundary and let
be the solution of the heat equation on , having constant unit
initial data and Dirichlet boundary conditions ( on the
boundary, at all times). If at every time the normal derivative of is
a constant function on the boundary, we say that has the {\it constant
flow property}. This gives rise to an overdetermined parabolic problem, and our
aim is to classify the manifolds having this property. In fact, if the metric
is analytic, we prove that has the constant flow property if and only
if it is an {\it isoparametric tube}, that is, it is a solid tube of constant
radius around a closed, smooth, minimal submanifold, with the additional
property that all equidistants to the boundary (parallel hypersurfaces) are
smooth and have constant mean curvature. Hence, the constant flow property can
be viewed as an analytic counterpart to the isoparametric property. Finally, we
relate the constant flow property with other overdetermined problems, in
particular, the well-known Serrin problem on the mean-exit time function, and
discuss a counterexample involving minimal free boundary immersions into
Euclidean balls.Comment: Replaces the earlier version arXiv: 1709.03447. To appear in Calculus
of Variations and PD
Optimal eigenvalue estimates for the Robin Laplacian on Riemannian manifolds
We consider the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian
with Robin boundary conditions on a compact Riemannian manifold with
smooth boundary, being the Robin boundary parameter. When
we give a positive, sharp lower bound of
in terms of an associated one-dimensional problem depending on the geometry
through a lower bound of the Ricci curvature of , a lower bound of the
mean curvature of and the inradius. When the boundary
parameter is negative, the lower bound becomes an upper bound. In particular,
explicit bounds for mean-convex Euclidean domains are obtained, which improve
known estimates.
Then, we extend a monotonicity result for obtained
in Euclidean space by Giorgi and Smits to a class of manifolds of revolution
which include all space forms of constant sectional curvature. As an
application, we prove that is uniformly bounded
below by for all bounded domains in the hyperbolic space of
dimension , provided that the boundary parameter
(McKean-type inequality). Asymptotics for large hyperbolic balls are also
discusse
Sharp bounds for the first eigenvalue of a fourth order Steklov problem
We study the biharmonic Steklov eigenvalue problem on a compact Riemannian manifold Ω with smooth boundary. We give a computable, sharp lower bound of the first eigenvalue of this problem, which depends only on the dimension, a lower bound of the Ricci curvature of the domain, a lower bound of the mean curvature of its boundary and the inner radius. The proof is obtained by estimating the isoperimetric ratio of non-negative subharmonic functions on Ω, which is of independent interest. We also give a comparison theorem for geodesic balls
Lower bounds for the first eigenvalue of the magnetic Laplacian
We consider a Riemannian cylinder endowed with a closed potential 1-form A
and study the magnetic Laplacian with magnetic Neumann boundary conditions
associated with those data. We establish a sharp lower bound for the first
eigenvalue and show that the equality characterizes the situation where the
metric is a product. We then look at the case of a planar domain bounded by two
closed curves and obtain an explicit lower bound in terms of the geometry of
the domain. We finally discuss sharpness of this last estimate.Comment: Replaces in part arXiv:1611.0193
On the evolution of the instance level of DL-lite knowledge bases
Recent papers address the issue of updating the instance level of knowledge
bases expressed in Description Logic following a model-based approach. One of
the outcomes of these papers is that the result of updating a knowledge base K
is generally not expressible in the Description Logic used to express K. In
this paper we introduce a formula-based approach to this problem, by revisiting
some research work on formula-based updates developed in the '80s, in
particular the WIDTIO (When In Doubt, Throw It Out) approach. We show that our
operator enjoys desirable properties, including that both insertions and
deletions according to such operator can be expressed in the DL used for the
original KB. Also, we present polynomial time algorithms for the evolution of
the instance level knowledge bases expressed in the most expressive Description
Logics of the DL-lite family
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