2,343 research outputs found
Coulomb singularity effects in tunnelling spectroscopy of individual impurities
Non-equilibrium Coulomb effects in resonant tunnelling processes through deep
impurity states are analyzed. It is shown that Coulomb vertex corrections to
the tunnelling transfer amplitude lead to a power-law singularity in current-
voltage characteristicsComment: 7 pages, 2 figure
In situ visualization of Ni-Nb bulk metallic glasses phase transition
We report the results of the Ni-based bulk metallic glass structural
evolution and crystallization behavior in situ investigation. The X-ray
diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nano-beam
diffraction (NBD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), radial distribution
function (RDF) and scanning probe microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) techniques
were applied to analyze the structure and electronic properties of Ni63.5Nb36.5
glasses before and after crystallization. It was proved that partial surface
crystallization of Ni63.5Nb36.5 can occur at the temperature lower than for the
full sample crystallization. According to our STM measurements the primary
crystallization is originally starting with the Ni3Nb phase formation. It was
shown that surface crystallization drastically differs from the bulk
crystallization due to the possible surface reconstruction. The mechanism of
Ni63.5Nb36.5 glass alloy 2D-crystallization was suggested, which corresponds to
the local metastable (3x3)-Ni(111) surface phase formation. The possibility of
different surface nano-structures development by the annealing of the
originally glassy alloy in ultra high vacuum at the temperature lower, than the
crystallization temperature was shown. The increase of mean square surface
roughness parameter Rq while moving from glassy to fully crystallized state can
be caused by concurrent growth of Ni3Nb and Ni6Nb7 bulk phases. The simple
empirical model for the estimation of Ni63.5Nb36.5 cluster size was suggested,
and the obtained values (7.64 A, 8.08 A) are in good agreement with STM
measurements data (8 A-10 A)
Infrared and THz studies of polar phonons and improper magnetodielectric effect in multiferroic BFO3 ceramics
BFO3 ceramics were investigated by means of infrared reflectivity and time
domain THz transmission spectroscopy at temperatures 20 - 950 K, and the
magnetodielectric effect was studied at 10 - 300 K, with the magnetic field up
to 9 T. Below 175 K, the sum of polar phonon contributions into the
permittivity corresponds to the value of measured permittivity below 1 MHz. At
higher temperatures, a giant low-frequency permittivity was observed, obviously
due to the enhanced conductivity and possible Maxwell-Wagner contribution.
Above 200 K the observed magnetodielectric effect is caused essentially through
the combination of magnetoresistance and the Maxwell-Wagner effect, as recently
predicted by Catalan (Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 102902 (2006)). Since the
magnetodielectric effect does not occur due to a coupling of polarization and
magnetization as expected in magnetoferroelectrics, we call it improper
magnetodielectric effect. Below 175 K the magnetodielectric effect is by
several orders of magnitude lower due to the decreased conductivity. Several
phonons exhibit gradual softening with increasing temperature, which explains
the previously observed high-frequency permittivity increase on heating. The
observed non-complete phonon softening seems to be the consequence of the
first-order nature of the ferroelectric transition.Comment: subm. to PRB. revised version according to referees' report
Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy of ring-like surface electronic structures around Co islands on InAs(110) surfaces
We report on the experimental observation by scanning tunneling microscopy at
low temperature of ring-like features that appear around Co metal clusters
deposited on a clean (110) oriented surface of cleaved p-type InAs crystals.
These features are visible in spectroscopic images within a certain range of
negative tunneling bias voltages due to the presence of a negative differential
conductance in the current-voltage dependence. A theoretical model is
introduced, which takes into account non-equilibrium effects in the small
tunneling junction area. In the framework of this model the appearance of the
ring-like features is explained in terms of interference effects between
electrons tunneling directly and indirectly (via a Co island) between the tip
and the InAs surface.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Screening studies of POP levels in bottom sediments from selected lakes in the Paz watercourse
Appendix 5/15 of the publication "State of the environment in the Norwegian, Finnish and Russian border area 2007" (The Finnish Environment 6/2007)
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at low temperatures of the (110) surface of Te doped GaAs single crystals
We have performed voltage dependent imaging and spatially resolved
spectroscopy on the (110) surface of Te doped GaAs single crystals with a low
temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). A large fraction of the
observed defects are identified as Te dopant atoms which can be observed down
to the fifth subsurface layer. For negative sample voltages, the dopant atoms
are surrounded by Friedel charge density oscillations. Spatially resolved
spectroscopy above the dopant atoms and above defect free areas of the GaAs
(110) surface reveals the presence of conductance peaks inside the
semiconductor band gap. The appearance of the peaks can be linked to charges
residing on states which are localized within the tunnel junction area. We show
that these localized states can be present on the doped GaAs surface as well as
at the STM tip apex.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in PR
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