350 research outputs found
The linewidth of a non-Markovian atom laser
We present a fully quantum mechanical treatment of a single mode atom laser
including pumping and output coupling. By ignoring atom-atom interactions, we
have solved this model without making the Born-Markov approximation. We find
substantially less gain narrowing than is predicted under that approximation.Comment: 4 pages, 1 encapsulated postscript figur
SU(3) Predictions for Weak Decays of Doubly Heavy Baryons -- including SU(3) breaking terms
We find expressions for the weak decay amplitudes of baryons containing two b
quarks (or one b and one c quark -- many relationship are the same) in terms of
unknown reduced matrix elements. This project was originally motivated by the
request of the FNAL Run II b Physics Workshop organizers for a guide to
experimentalists in their search for as yet unobserved hadrons. We include an
analysis of linear SU(3) breaking terms in addition to relationships generated
by unbroken SU(3) symmetry, and relate these to expressions in terms of the
complete set of possible reduced matrix elements.Comment: 49 page
Diffusion of impurities in a granular gas
Diffusion of impurities in a granular gas undergoing homogeneous cooling
state is studied. The results are obtained by solving the Boltzmann--Lorentz
equation by means of the Chapman--Enskog method. In the first order in the
density gradient of impurities, the diffusion coefficient is determined as
the solution of a linear integral equation which is approximately solved by
making an expansion in Sonine polynomials. In this paper, we evaluate up to
the second order in the Sonine expansion and get explicit expressions for
in terms of the restitution coefficients for the impurity--gas and gas--gas
collisions as well as the ratios of mass and particle sizes. To check the
reliability of the Sonine polynomial solution, analytical results are compared
with those obtained from numerical solutions of the Boltzmann equation by means
of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. In the simulations, the
diffusion coefficient is measured via the mean square displacement of
impurities. The comparison between theory and simulation shows in general an
excellent agreement, except for the cases in which the gas particles are much
heavier and/or much larger than impurities. In theses cases, the second Sonine
approximation to improves significantly the qualitative predictions made
from the first Sonine approximation. A discussion on the convergence of the
Sonine polynomial expansion is also carried out.Comment: 9 figures. to appear in Phys. Rev.
Band Gaps for Atoms in Light based Waveguides
The energy spectrum for a system of atoms in a periodic potential can exhibit
a gap in the band structure. We describe a system in which a laser is used to
produce a mechanical potential for the atoms, and a standing wave light field
is used to shift the atomic levels using the Autler-Townes effect, which
produces a periodic potential. The band structure for atoms guided by a hollow
optical fiber waveguide is calculated in three dimensions with quantised
external motion. The size of the band gap is controlled by the light guided by
the fiber. This variable band structure may allow the construction of devices
which can cool atoms. The major limitation on this device would be the
spontaneous emission losses.Comment: 7 pages, four postscript figures, uses revtex.sty, available through
http://online.anu.edu.au/Physics/papers/atom.htm
Hyperon-nucleon scattering and hyperon masses in the nuclear medium
We analyze low-energy hyperon-nucleon scattering using an effective field
theory in next-to-leading order. By fitting experimental cross sections for
laboratory hyperon momenta below 200 MeV/c and using information from the
hypertriton we determine twelve contact-interaction coefficients. Based on
these we discuss the low-density expansion of hyperon mass shifts in the
nuclear medium.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Abelian Hidden Sectors at a GeV
We discuss mechanisms for naturally generating GeV-scale hidden sectors in
the context of weak-scale supersymmetry. Such low mass scales can arise when
hidden sectors are more weakly coupled to supersymmetry breaking than the
visible sector, as happens when supersymmetry breaking is communicated to the
visible sector by gauge interactions under which the hidden sector is
uncharged, or if the hidden sector is sequestered from gravity-mediated
supersymmetry breaking. We study these mechanisms in detail in the context of
gauge and gaugino mediation, and present specific models of Abelian GeV-scale
hidden sectors. In particular, we discuss kinetic mixing of a U(1)_x gauge
force with hypercharge, singlets or bi-fundamentals which couple to both
sectors, and additional loop effects. Finally, we investigate the possible
relevance of such sectors for dark matter phenomenology, as well as for low-
and high-energy collider searches.Comment: 43 pages, no figures; v2: to match JHEP versio
The steady state quantum statistics of a non-Markovian atom laser
We present a fully quantum mechanical treatment of a single-mode atomic
cavity with a pumping mechanism and an output coupling to a continuum of
external modes. This system is a schematic description of an atom laser. In the
dilute limit where atom-atom interactions are negligible, we have been able to
solve this model without making the Born and Markov approximations. When
coupling into free space, it is shown that for reasonable parameters there is a
bound state which does not disperse, which means that there is no steady state.
This bound state does not exist when gravity is included, and in that case the
system reaches a steady state. We develop equations of motion for the two-time
correlation in the presence of pumping and gravity in the output modes. We then
calculate the steady-state output energy flux from the laser.Comment: 14 pages (twocloumn), 6 figure
The hyperon-nucleon interaction: conventional versus effective field theory approach
Hyperon-nucleon interactions are presented that are derived either in the
conventional meson-exchange picture or within leading order chiral effective
field theory. The chiral potential consists of one-pseudoscalar-meson exchanges
and non-derivative four-baryon contact terms. With regard to meson-exchange
hyperon-nucleon models we focus on the new potential of the Juelich group,
whose most salient feature is that the contributions in the scalar--isoscalar
(\sigma) and vector--isovector (\rho) exchange channels are constrained by a
microscopic model of correlated \pi\pi and KKbar exchange.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Lecture Notes in Physic
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