49 research outputs found

    Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Modeling Delineates the Molecular Effects of a Synbiotic Regimen on Colorectal-Cancer-Derived Cells

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    By modulating the human gut microbiome, prebiotics and probiotics (combinations of which are called synbiotics) may be used to treat diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Methodological limitations have prevented determining the potential combina- torial mechanisms of action of such regimens. We expanded our HuMiX gut-on-a-chip model to co-culture CRC-derived epithelial cells with a model probiotic under a simulated prebiotic regimen, and we integrated the multi-omic results with in silico metabolic modeling. In contrast to individual prebi- otic or probiotic treatments, the synbiotic regimen caused downregulation of genes involved in procarci- nogenic pathways and drug resistance, and reduced levels of the oncometabolite lactate. Distinct ratios of organic and short-chain fatty acids were produced during the simulated regimens. Treatment of primary CRC-derived cells with a molecular cocktail reflecting the synbiotic regimen attenuated self-renewal ca- pacity. Our integrated approach demonstrates the potential of modeling for rationally formulating synbi- otics-based treatments in the future

    SystĂšmes de culture et gestion de la matiĂšre organique pour rĂ©duire la sensibilitĂ© Ă  l’érosion des sols en Alsace

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    L’érosion des sols et les coulĂ©es d’eaux boueuses sont des phĂ©nomĂšnes connus en Alsace, liĂ©s au climat, Ă  la topographie, aux sols et Ă  ses occupations et utilisations. Pour limiter le risque d’érosion, les principaux objectifs de cette Ă©tude sont (a) de caractĂ©riser la sensibilitĂ© des systĂšmes de culture au risque d’érosion Ă  travers des indicateurs liĂ©s Ă  l’érodibilitĂ© du sol (elle mĂȘme partiellement dĂ©terminĂ©e par sa teneur en matiĂšre organique) et Ă  son exposition aux forces Ă©rosives, (b) d’identifier les systĂšmes de culture les plus sensibles Ă  l’érosion et de trouver des alternatives susceptible de rĂ©duire la sensibilitĂ© Ă  un niveau acceptable. L’étude a mobilisĂ© trois principales sources de donnĂ©es : le Registre Parcellaire Graphique (RPG), le RĂ©fĂ©rentiel RĂ©gional PĂ©dologique (RRP) de la rĂ©gion Alsace, et la base de donnĂ©es sur les pratiques agricoles issue des enquĂȘtes ‘Agri-Mieux’. Le diagnostic de la sensibilitĂ© Ă  l’érosion des systĂšmes de culture a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© en quatre Ă©tapes successives : (1) la caractĂ©risation des combinaisons « rotation – type de sol – type d’exploitation agricole » prĂ©sents sur le territoire en utilisant l’outil RPG Explorer, et le donnĂ©es RRP, (2) l’association des pratiques agricoles Ă  ces combinaisons Ă  travers de rĂšgles de dĂ©cisions dĂ©terminĂ©s suite Ă  l’analyse de la base de donnĂ©es Agri-Mieux, (3) la simulation de l’état organique du sol avec l’outil Simeos-AMG pour les systĂšmes de culture obtenus dans l’étape prĂ©cĂ©dente, et enfin (4) le diagnostic de la sensibilitĂ© Ă  l’érosion des systĂšmes de culture Ă  l’aide des indicateurs d’érodibilitĂ© du sol et d’exposition de la surface du sol aux forces Ă©rosives des pluies. Les mĂ©thodes dĂ©veloppĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©es Ă  trois secteurs Ă  collines limoneux Agri-Mieux en Alsace : le Sundgau (« Sundg’eaux vive ») et deux secteurs au nord et Ă  l’ouest de Strasbourg (« Ferti-Kochersberg » et « Ferti-Zorn »). Ces trois secteurs sont frĂ©quemment concernĂ©s par de problĂšmes d’érosion et des coulĂ©es d’eaux boueuses

    Multiscale evaluations of global, national and regional digital soil mapping products in France

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    International audienceAs digital soil mapping (DSM) applications have been developed at multiple extents over the two last decades, large areas of the world are now covered by several DSM products with similar resolution and targeted soil properties. Thus, from these products, end-users must carefully select the one that will best meet their needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate three DSM products obtained at different scales (global, national and regional) over three local territories of increasing area selected in three contrasting regions of France (Alsace, Brittany and Languedoc-Roussillon). Three topsoil (5–15 cm) properties were evaluated: clay content, pH in water and soil organic carbon content. Evaluations were done at both point and soil mapping unit supports, the latter corresponding to quantitative assessment of visual accordance between DSM products and conventional local soil maps of acknowledged quality. The ability to predict soil properties well increased from global to national to regional DSM products. However, none of the DSM products tested was able to predict satisfactorily at the most local (1:25,000) scale. Evaluations of DSM products using local soil maps were generally in accordance with those using points. Evaluations using local soil maps also provided additional information about the utility of DSM products for small areas with too few soil measurements to perform punctual evaluation and for issues concerning areal-support uses of DSM products. These results suggest that when focusing on local areas, users of DSM products should evaluate their performance and, if unsatisfactory, invest in development of local DSM

    RĂ©servoir en eau du sol utilisable par les cultures - Guide d'estimation

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    Document pdf tĂ©lĂ©chargeable sur le site du RMT Sols et territoiresInternational audienceAu travers de neuf chapitres, ce guide reprend les concepts de bases (pourquoi parler de rĂ©servoir utilisable plutĂŽt que de rĂ©serve utile ? ; diffĂ©rence entre RU et RUM). Il s'appuie sur les derniers travaux de recherche pour aborder la question du rĂ©servoir en eau dans les Ă©lĂ©ments grossiers, recense les classes et fonctions de pĂ©dotransfert permettant d'estimer le rĂ©servoir utilisable maximal et bien d'autres aspects...Le sixiĂšme chapitre est la partie principale et opĂ©rationnelle de cette brochure : un guide d’estimation du RU (RĂ©servoir Utilisable) et du RUM (RĂ©servoir Utilisable Maximal) dans de nombreuses situations ; il est Ă©clairĂ© par des exemples concrets et chiffrĂ©s.Le dixiĂšme et dernier chapitre prĂ©sente les modes opĂ©ratoires permettant de mesurer les diffĂ©rents Ă©lĂ©ments pour calculer le rĂ©servoir utilisable.
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