Effects of copper fungicide spraying on volatile thiols of the varietal aroma of Sauvignon blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines

In a three-year experiment, the effect of pre-veraison copper sprayings of vines on must composition and some volatile thiols contributing to the varietal aroma of Sauvignon blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines was studied in comparison with folpet sprayings in the Bordeaux winegrowing region. The readivity of copper residues with thiols, mainly during the alcoholic fermentation, had a dramatic effect on the concentration of 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one and 3-mercaptohexanol in wines. However, copper sprayings, preferentially on the foliage, did not significantly increase copper residues in must; thiol concentrations in wines were very close to those found in wines obtained from vines sprayed with folpet. Therefore, this mode of spraying can be used to avoid the effects of copper treatment at veraison on the volatile thiols of the wines varietal aroma.

Formulation Development to Enhance the Solubility of Metoclopramide Base Drug by Solid Dispersion and Evaluation of Transdermal Film

Aims & Objectives: The present work deals with the modification of controlled release dosage form of poorly water soluble drug (Metoclopramide hydrochloride) in order to improve the bioavailability and to control drug release for a longer period of time by the aid of solid dispersion. Methods: Various binary combination of MET-solid dispersion was prepared with different carriers such as HPβCD, PVP K30 and PLX-188 by solvent evaporation technique and then the aqueous solubility, dissolution study and phase solubility study was performed. DSC analysis is performed to carry out for metoclopramide loaded solid dispersion, physical mixture & also for pure drug to analyze the crystalline and amorphous nature of compounds. Results and Discussion:  The saturation solubility of Metoclopramide with various carriers at different pH was performed and found that in pH 5.5 (solubility is 5553.2µg/ml), pH 6.8 (3363.3µ/ml), pH 7.4 (1367.3µg/ml) at 37oC. In dissolution study of solid dispersion (5:1) of different carriers in DDW, the Cumulative % dissolution is found in the order of PVP K30>PLX-Met>HPβCD-Met & in pH 7.4, in the order of PLX-Met>PVP K30>HPβCD-Met. DSC thermogram of Metoclopramide base showed a sharp endothermic peak at its melting point (147oC) which exhibits in crystalline form complying with that of Metoclopramide hydrochloride form, melting point was found to be 850C.  In the ex-vivo study of several transdermal patches, patch C [SD of MET: HPβCD (1:5)] showed the controlled release and permeation of drug. Conclusion: Poor solubility of new chemical entities being a well known problem for past few decades despite the imbalance between significant research efforts & few successful marketed formulations, the solid dispersion proves to hold a key position among all the various formulation strategies to enhance the aqueous solubility & dissolution rate and thereby the bioavailability of  poorly aqueous solubility of drug. Keywords: Bioavailability,DSC, Metoclopramide hydrochloride, solid dispersion, HPβCD

Vineyard evaluation of the efficacy of fenamidone-containing products against grape-vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)

International audienc

Mildiou et black-rot de la vigne. Efficacité de l'azoxystrobine au vignoble (strobilurines).

National audienc

Analyse critique et comparée des propriétés de divers fongicides viticoles dans la perspective d'une utilisation en lutte raisonnée

International audienc

Population dynamics of a few dominant plant species around industrial complexes, in West Bengal, India

Volume: 95Start Page: 15End Page: 1

La bouillie bordelaise et le mildiou de la vigne

National audienc

Les associations à base de cymoxanil dans la lutte contre le mildiou de la vigne. Phénomènes de synergie mise en jeu et propriétés préventives (mancozèbe, folpel, cuivre, propinède, métirame de zinc)

National audienc