Effect of fibre configurations on mechanical properties of flax/tannin composites.

Flax reinforced tannin-based composites have a potential to be used in vehicle applications due to the environmental advantages and good mechanical properties. In this paper, the effects of fibre configuration on mechanical properties of flax/tannin composites were investigated for nonwoven and woven fabric lay-up angles (UD, [0°, 90°]2 and [0°, +45°, 90°, -45°]2). The tannin/flax composites were prepared by compression moulding. The manufactured specimens were then characterized for quasi-static tensile properties, dynamic mechanical properties and low-energy impact performance. Failure mechanism was further investigated using microscopy and demonstrated the need for further adhesion improvements. The study shows that the UD fabric reinforced composite performs better in tensile strength and modulus whereas [0°, +45°, 90°, -45°]2 composite provides the best impact energy absorption performance

Detection of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: implications for infection control policies?

International audienceSequence type 131 (ST131) is a predominant lineage among extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. It plays a major role in the worldwide dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. The ST131 pandemic is mainly the result of clonal expansion of the single well-adapted subclone H30-Rx, which is acquired in hospitals more frequently than other ESBL-producing E. coli clones. To develop a rapid method using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify ST131 for infection control purposes. Peak biomarkers of ST131 were identified from the mass spectrum profiles of 109 E. coli isolates (including 50 ST131 isolates). The models accurately identified ST131 isolates from mass spectrum profiles obtained with and without protein extraction. The rapid identification of ST131 isolates with MALDI-TOF MS can be easily implemented in the laboratory, and could help to target infection control measures in patients carrying multi-drug-resistant E. coli that are more likely to spread

Possible syndrome sérotoninergique induit par l’association de tramadol à de la sertraline chez une femme âgée.

International audienc

Bacterial contamination of organ graft preservation solution and infection after transplantation.

International audienceInfectious complications represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with organ transplantation. Contamination of preservation solution (PS) can lead to life-threatening complications in the recipients. For a 3-year period, we investigated the bacterial contamination of both PSs and graft fragments, recipient infections, and explored the link between them. In total 137 organs were transplanted, and 131 organ and perfusate cultures out of 426 tested (30.8%) gave a positive bacterial culture, mainly with coagulase-negative staphylococci. Overall, 80 recipients out of 137 (58.4%) had at least 1 infection during the 4-month post-graft surveillance period. Twelve recipients had an infection with the same bacterial species that was recovered in the corresponding graft. However, based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing results, only 1 case was very likely cross-transmitted via the transplantation

Validation of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Legionella pneumophila in hospital water networks.

Rapid monitoring of Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is essential to reduce the risk of Legionnaires' disease in healthcare facilities. However, culture results take at least eight days, delaying the implementation of corrective measures. Here, we assessed the performance of a qPCR method and determined qPCR action thresholds for the detection of Lp in hospital hot water networks (HWNs)

Possible syndrome sérotoninergique induit par l’association de tramadol à de la sertraline chez une femme âgée.

International audienc

mcr-1 is borne by highly diverse Escherichia coli isolates since 2004 in food-producing animals in Europe.

International audienceIn November 2015, a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance, MCR-1, was described in animals, food and humans in China, and it was considered as a potential emerging threat to public health. Therefore, we screened for the mcr-1 gene a European collection of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (n=218) and Salmonella spp. (n=74) isolated from diseased food-producing animals between 2004 and 2014 and characterized the mcr-1-positive clones.Screening for mcr-1 gene was performed by PCR on isolates for which inhibition diameter was 2 mg/L. Most of the mcr-1-positive E. coli belonged to the phylogroup A with two prevalent clonal complexes, CC10 and CC165, in which sequence type 10 and sequence type 100 were overrepresented and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing revealed a high diversity of pulsotypes.MCR-1 was detected yearly in European food-producing animal since 2004 with a high diversity of pulsotypes supporting the dissemination of mcr-1 via plasmids

Comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and whole-genome-sequencing-based typing confirms the accuracy of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for the investigation of local Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreaks

International audienceTo determine whether pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) accurately recognizes isolates belonging to clusters defined by techniques based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model

Escherichia coli producteurde bêta-lactamase à spectre étendu : quelle est la part d'acquisition hospitalière ?

International audienceFace à l'augmentation de l'incidence des infections nosocomiales à E. coli producteur de bêta-lactamase à spectre étendu (BLSE), notre objectif était d'identifier les cas possibles d'acquisition hospitalière des souches de E. coli BLSE durant une période de neuf mois dans notre centre hospitalier universitaire. L'étude reposait sur l'analyse de la distribution spatio-temporelle des cas, le typage moléculaire des souches et l'identification des gènes de résistance BLSE. Enfin une analyse cas/témoins devait permettre d'identifier les facteurs statistiquement associés aux cas. Sur un total de 64 cas d'infections à E. coli BLSE durant une période de neuf mois, le typage moléculaire a montré un total de 51 clones isolés chez un seul patient parmi les 61 souches typables. Seuls trois cas possibles pour un total de sept patients pouvaient relever d'une transmission croisée intra-hospitalière. Au total, la diversité clonale des souches des sept patients et la diversité des BLSE impliquées écartaient formellement cette hypothèse pour cinq de ces sept patients. Un seul cas de transmission croisée de gène de résistance était possible. L'étude cas/témoin a montré que seul un score de Charlson élevé était significativement associé à l'acquisition d'une colonisation/infection à E. coli à BLSE. Au total, au vu de nos résultats, il apparaît peu faisable d'établir une stratégie de dépistage ciblé alors qu'une stratégie de dépistage à grande échelle aurait un rapport coût/bénéfice très discutable