Europäisierung durch Medien: Ansätze und Erkenntnisse der Öffentlichkeitsforschung

Erschienen in: Wolfgang R. Langenbucher & Michael Latzer (2006): Europäische Öffentlichkeit und medialer Wandel. Eine transdisziplinäre Perspektive. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaf-ten, 10-44

Institutional Change in the Payment Systems by Electronic Money Innovations: Implications for Monetary Policy

The results can be summarised in the following manner: First, by whatever mode of analysis used, it emerged that fiat CB money would not be wholly replaced by any form of electronic money currently envisaged. Most of the payment innovations are linked to CB money at some point. There is no evidence that they significantly reduce the ability of CBs to predict the demand for CB money in LVPS and the money market. Second, developments which have in the past, and may in the future, have improved or will improve the robustness or the efficiency of payments systems have not had and are not expected to have fundamentally damaging effects on the ability of central banks to control monetary conditions

Validation of blood vitamin A concentrations in cattle: comparison of a new cow-side test (iCheck™ FLUORO) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Abstract Background Plasma concentration of retinol is an accepted indicator to assess the vitamin A (retinol) status in cattle. However, the determination of vitamin A requires a time consuming multi-step procedure, which needs specific equipment to perform extraction, centrifugation or saponification prior to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods The concentrations of retinol in whole blood (n = 10), plasma (n = 132) and serum (n = 61) were measured by a new rapid cow-side test (iCheck™ FLUORO) and compared with those by HPLC in two independent laboratories in Germany (DE) and Japan (JP). Results Retinol concentrations in plasma ranged from 0.033 to 0.532 mg/L, and in serum from 0.043 to 0.360 mg/L (HPLC method). No significant differences in retinol levels were observed between the new rapid cow-side test and HPLC performed in different laboratories (HPLC vs. iCheck™ FLUORO: 0.320 ± 0.047 mg/L vs. 0.333 ± 0.044 mg/L, and 0.240 ± 0.096 mg/L vs. 0.241 ± 0.069 mg/L, lab DE and lab JP, respectively). A similar comparability was observed when whole blood was used (HPLC vs. iCheck™ FLUORO: 0.353 ± 0.084 mg/L vs. 0.341 ± 0.064 mg/L). Results showed a good agreement between both methods based on correlation coefficients of r2 = 0.87 (P < 0.001) and Bland-Altman blots revealed no significant bias for all comparison. Conclusions With the new rapid cow-side test (iCheck™ FLUORO) retinol concentrations in cattle can be reliably assessed within a few minutes and directly in the barn using even whole blood without the necessity of prior centrifugation. The ease of the application of the new rapid cow-side test and its portability can improve the diagnostic of vitamin A status and will help to control vitamin A supplementation in specific vitamin A feeding regimes such as used to optimize health status in calves or meat marbling in Japanese Black cattle

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Validation of blood vitamin A concentrations in cattle: comparison of a new cow-side test (iCheck™ FLUORO) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Comparison of retinol concentrations in plasma (n = 132, obtained from Lab Germany) and serum (n = 61, obtained from Lab Japan) measured by HPLC and iCheck™ FLUORO (PDF 16 kb)