Shock-wave therapy of gastric outlet syndrome caused by a gallstone

A patient with gastric outlet syndrome (Bouveret's syndrome) caused by a large gallstone impacted in the duodenal bulb was successfully treated by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. Thus, open abdominal surgery could be avoided. For disintegration of the stone, three consecutive lithotripsy procedures were necessary. Thereafter, stone fragments could be extracted endoscopically. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy could become a non-surgical alternative in patients with obstruction of the duodenum caused by a gallstone

Охрана окружающей среды при утилизации отходов на реке Емец Тюменской области

В статье рассмотрены основные методы охраны окружающей среди при утилизации отходов на реке Емец Тюменской области.The article considers the main methods of environmental protection in waste management on the Emets river in the Tyumen Region

Semiquantitative analysis of intrahepatic CC-chemokine mRNas in chronic hepatitis C.

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms leading to hepatic injury in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are only incompletely understood. Recent data propose a correlation of the intrahepatic expression of the CC chemokine RANTES and the degree of periportal and portal inflammatory liver damage. AIM: Here, we have studied the intrahepatic mRNA levels of CC chemokines RANTES together with that of other members of this chemokine family (MIP-1beta, MCP-1, and MCP-2) in chronic hepatitis C as compared with healthy controls. METHODS: Liver samples from 22 HCV-infected patients, nine individuals with primary biliary cirrhosis and from 12 normal controls were included into this study. Intrahepatic mRNA levels of CC chemokines RANTES, MIP-1beta, MCP-1, and MCP-2 were analyzed by a semi-quantitative reverse transcription/real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS: In chronic HCV infection, intrahepatic RANTES mRNA levels were significantly higher than in non-infected controls (7.2-fold, p < 0.001) or in the disease control group (2.8-fold, p < 0.001) and higher levels of RANTES mRNA levels were observed in livers with an advanced stage of liver cell injury (histologic activity index > or = 6), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). In contrast, mRNA levels of MIP-1beta (p = 0.021) and MCP-1 (p = 0.021) were significantly lower in HCV liver samples while MCP-2 expression was similar in all groups analyzed. CONCLUSION: The data support the concept of chemokines as mediators of liver cell injury in chronic hepatitis C

Beta-blockers in patients with liver cirrhosis: Pragmatism or perfection?

With increasing decompensation, hyperdynamic circulatory disturbance occurs in liver cirrhosis despite activation of vasoconstrictors. Here, the concept of a therapy with non-selective beta-blockers was established decades ago. They lower elevated portal pressure, protect against variceal hemorrhage, and may also have pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects. Recently, the beneficial effect of carvedilol, which blocks alpha and beta receptors, has been highlighted. Carvedilol leads to “biased-signaling” via recruitment of beta-arrestin. This effect and its consequences have not been sufficiently investigated in patients with liver cirrhosis. Also, a number of questions remain open regarding the expression of beta-receptors and its intracellular signaling and the respective consequences in the intra- and extrahepatic tissue compartments. Despite the undisputed role of non-selective beta-blockers in the treatment of liver cirrhosis, we still can improve the knowledge as to when and how beta-blockers should be used in which patients