GmPHD5 acts as an important regulator for crosstalk between histone H3K4 di-methylation and H3K14 acetylation in response to salinity stress in soybean

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Accumulated evidence suggest that specific patterns of histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and their crosstalks may determine transcriptional outcomes. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these "histone codes" in plants remain largely unknown.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that a salinity stress inducible PHD (plant homeodomain) finger domain containing protein GmPHD5 can read the "histone code" underlying the methylated H3K4. GmPHD5 interacts with other DNA binding proteins, including GmGNAT1 (an acetyl transferase), GmElongin A (a transcription elongation factor) and GmISWI (a chromatin remodeling protein). Our results suggest that GmPHD5 can recognize specific histone methylated H3K4, with preference to di-methylated H3K4. Here, we illustrate that the interaction between GmPHD5 and GmGNAT1 is regulated by the self-acetylation of GmGNAT1, which can also acetylate histone H3. GmGNAT1 exhibits a preference toward acetylated histone H3K14. These results suggest a histone crosstalk between methylated H3K4 and acetylated H3K14. Consistent to its putative roles in gene regulation under salinity stress, we showed that GmPHD5 can bind to the promoters of some confirmed salinity inducible genes in soybean.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Here, we propose a model suggesting that the nuclear protein GmPHD5 is capable of regulating the crosstalk between histone methylation and histone acetylation of different lysine residues. Nevertheless, GmPHD5 could also recruit chromatin remodeling factors and transcription factors of salt stress inducible genes to regulate their expression in response to salinity stress.</p

Hong Kong dentists' preparedness for medical emergency in dental clinics

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the Hong Kong dentists’ and dental clinics’ preparedness for medical emergency in the dental clinic. Methods: Two custom designed questionnaires were developed, one for dentists and another for dental clinics, to collect the required information. The sampling frame for participants was the list of registered dentists published by the Hong Kong Dental Council on its website in January 2016. A total of 434 dentists and 143 dental clinics were selected from the list by systematic random sampling. The latter sample was supplemented by 10 randomly selected government dental clinics. The questionnaires were mailed the selected dentists together with a cover letter and a stamped return envelope. A reminder letter and another copy of the questionnaire were sent out two weeks after the first mailing. Results: 167 (38%) completed dentist questionnaires and 53 (35%) clinic questionnaires were collected. Most of the respondent dentists had some deficient knowledge on basic life support (BLS), their mean score was 3.5 out of a maximum of 5. Most (>60%) of the respondents thought they were competent in performing medical emergency procedures except giving intravenous injection. Moreover, most (>60%) of them held positive attitude towards having immediate availability of essential medical emergency equipment and drugs in their clinic. Dentists who were more recent graduates, those with postgraduate qualifications, and those who work with accompaniment generally had higher mean BLS knowledge scores. In the dental clinics, the most commonly kept medical emergency equipment/drug was instant glucose (70%) and followed by antihistamine (62%). Only a quarter of the clinics were equipped with AED, and 45% were equipped with oxygen cylinder. For 8 out of the 11 items, a higher proportion of the bigger clinics (>2 dental chairs) than the smaller clinics had the medical emergency equipment/drug available (Chi-square test, p<0.05). Conclusion: Hong Kong dentists have a moderate level of knowledge on BLS which should be enhanced through regular attendance at CE courses. Their knowledge level is affected by a number of their background and professional activities factors. Most dental clinics in Hong Kong have only few of the essential medical emergency equipment and drugs while the larger clinics are better equipped than the smaller clinics.published_or_final_versio

Synthesis and reactivity of 2,2'-bipyridine-supported iridium alkyl compounds : Metal complexes with chiral phosphine oxide and sulfoxide ligands

Treatment of [Ir(dtbpy)Cl3(DMF)] (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide; dtbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-2,2'-dipyridyl) with Me3SiCH2MgCl afforded the Ir(IIl) silyl complex [Ir(dtbpy)(SiMe3)Me(CH2SiMe3)], which reacted with t-BuNC and PhC≡CH to give [Ir(dtbpy)(SiMe3)Me(CH2SiMe3)(t-BuNC)] and [Ir(dtbpy)(SiMe3)(C≡CPh)(μ-C≡CPh)]2, respectively. Treatment of [Ir(dtbpy)Cl3(DMF)] with PhMe2CCH2MgCl afforded cyclometalated [Ir(dtbpy)(C6H4CMe3-2)(CH2CMe2C6H4)] that exhibits an Ir-HC agostic interaction between the Ir center and a tert-butyl C-H group. Treatment of [Ir(dtbpy)(C6H4CMe3-2)(CH2CMe2C6H4)] with NOBF4, tetracyanoethylene and pyridinium tribromide afforded [Ir(dtbpy)(C6H3CMe3-2-NO2-4)(CH2CMe2C6H3NO2-4], [Ir(dtbpy)(C6H4CMe3-2)(CH2CMe2C6H3{C2(CN)3}-4)] and [Ir(dtbpy)(C6H4CMe3-2)(CH2CMe2C6H3Br-4)]. Treatment of [Ir(dtbpy)(C6H4CMe3-2)(CH2CMe2C6H4)] with diethyl meleate led to isolation of the iridafuran [Ir(dtbpy){k2(C,O)-C(CO2Et)=CHC(OEt)=O} (CH2CMe2C6H4)]. Oxidation of [Ir(dtbpy)(CH2CMe2C6H4)( μ-tolS)]2 and [Ir(dtbpy)(CH2CMe2Ph)(tdt)] (tdt = toluene-3,4-dithiolato) afforded the mixed-valence Ir(IIl)-Ir(lV) [Ir(dtbpy)(CH2CMe2C6H4)(μ-tolS)]2[BF4] and the Ir(lV)-Ir(lV) [Ir(dtbpy)(CH2CMe2Ph)(tdt)][BF4]2 compounds, respectively. Treatment of [Ir(dtbpy)Cl3(DMF)] with (p-xyl)MgBr (xyl = dimethylphenyl) afforded the Ir(IIl) tri-aryl complex [Ir(dtbpy)(p-xyl)3]. Oxidation of [Ir(dtbpy)(p-xyl)3] with AgOTf in THF afforded the ID polymer [Ir(dtbpy)(p-xyl)3(AgOTf)3]n. Alkylation of [Ir(dtbpy)Cl3(DMF)] with ArfMgBr (Arf = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) afforded [Ir(dtbpy)(Arf)(DMF)(Cl0.7Br0.3)2] that reacted with o-xylNC to give [Ir(dtbpy)(Arf)(o-xylNC)(Cl0.7Br0.3)2]. [Cp*Ir(III)(ppy)(H2O)]+ (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine) can catalyze oxidation and aziridination of styrene with PhIO and PhINTs (Ts = tosyl), respectively. Treatment of [Cp*Ir(III)(ppy)(NCMe)]+ with PhI=NTs led to insertion of the NTs group into the Ir-C(ppy) bond and the formation of [Cp*Ir(III)(TsN-ppy)(NCMe)]+. Treatment of [Cp*Ir(III)(ppy)(NCMe)]+ with phenylacetylene, 3-butyn-1-o1 and 2-phenyl-but-3-yn-2-o1 led to migratory insertion of the vinylidene and allenyldiene into the Ir-C(ppy) bond and the formation of [Cp*Ir{(Ph)(H)C-η3-CC(Ph)C(H)-ppy}]+, [Cp*Ir{η3-H2CC(H)C-C(H)-ppy}]+ and [Cp*Ir{(C6H4)(H2C)C-η2-C(H)C(H)-ppy}] +, respectively. Treatment of [Cp*Ir(III)(ppy)(H2O)]+ with RE-ER afforded the adducts [Cp*Ir(ppy)(η1-RE-ER)]+(E = S, Se and Te, R = tol and Ph), which reacted with Ag(OTf) gave [Cp*Ir(RE-ppy)(H2O)]2+. Treatment of (Sp)-tBuPhP(O)H (HL1) with PdCl2(MeCN)2 afforded [Pd{(L1)2H}]2(μ-Cl)2. X-ray crystallography established that HL1 binds to Pd(ll) with the retention of configuration at phosphorus. Treatment of [Pd{(L1)2H}]2(μ-Cl)2 with Na[S2CNEt2] gave Pd[(L1)2H](S2CNEt2), which reacted with V(O)(acac)2 (acac = acetylacetone) and Cu(NO3)2 to give V(O)[Pd(L1)2(S2CNEt2)]2 and Cu[Pd(L1)2(S2CNEt2)]2, respectively. Chiral tetradentate sulfoxide-containing Schiff base ligands, N,N'-bis[2-(S)-(p-tolylsulfinyl)benzylidene]ethylenediamine (L2),(1R,2R)-N,N'-bis[2-(S)-(p-tolylsulfinyl)benzylidene]-1,2-cyclohexanedimine ((R,R)-L3), and (1S,2S)-N,N'-bis[2-(S)-(p-tolylsulfinyl)benzylidene]-1,2-cyclohexanedimine ((S,S)-L3) have been synthesized. Treatment of [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2] with L afforded trans-[Ru(L)Cl2] (L = L2, (R,R)-L3 and (S,S)-L3), respectively. The configuration and S-bonding mode of the tetradentate sulfoxide ligands in these complexes have been unambiguously established by X-ray crystallography. Tridentate N, N-bis[2-(S)-(p-tolylsulfinyl)benzyl]methylamine (L4) and 1,5-bis[(S)-(p-tolylsulfinyl)methyl]benzene (L5) have been synthesized. Treatment of [Pd(NCMe)4]2+ with L4 afforded [Pd(L4)(NCMe)]2+

Defragmenting paediatric anorexia nervosa: the Flinders Medical Centre Paediatric Eating Disorder Program

Objective: To describe the establishment and the main characteristics of the Flinders Medical Centre Paediatric Eating Disorder Program. Conclusion: While the programme is still in its infancy, it is hoped that our model of care can provide a sustainable, long term contribution to the management of paediatric eating disorders

Iridium(III) silyl alkyl and iridacyclic compounds supported by 4,4 `-di-tert-butyl-2,2 `-bipyridyl

Treatment of IrCl3 center dot xH(2)O with one equivalent of 4,4'-di-tertbutyl-2,2'-bipyridyl (dtbpy) in NN-dimethylformamide (dmf) afforded [IrCl3(dmf)(dtbpy)] (1). Alkylation of I with Me3SiCH2MgCl resulted in C-Si cleavage of the Me3SiCH2 group and formation of the Ir-III silyl dialkyl compound [Ir(CH2SiMe3)(dtbpy)(Me)(SiMeA (2), which reacted with tBuNC to afford [Ir(tBuNC)(CH2SiMe3)- (dtbpy)(Me)(SiMe3)] ([2(tBuNC)]). Reaction of 2 with phenylacetylene afforded dimeric [{Ir(C LCPh)(dtbpy)(Si-MeA(3))}(2)(mu-C CPh)(2)] (3), in which the bridging PhC C- ligands are bound to Ir in a mu-sigma:pi fashion. Alkylation of 1 with PhMe2CCH2MgCl afforded the cyclometalated compound [1 (dtbpy)(CH2CMe2 C6H4)(2-C6H4CMe3)] (4), which features an agostic interaction between the Ir center and the 2-tert-bu-tylphenyl ligand. The cyclic voltammogram of 4 in CH2Cl2 shows a reversible Ir-IV-Ir-III couple at about 0.02 V versus ferrocenium/ferrocene. Oxidation of 4 in CH2Cl2 with silver triflate afforded an Ir-IV species that exhibits an anisotropic electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal in CH2Cl2 glass at 4 K with g(parallel to) =2.430 and g(perpendicular to) =2.110. Protonation of 4 with HCl and p-toluenesulfonic acid (HOTs) afforded [{Ir(dtbpy)-(CH2CMe2Ph)Cl}(2)(mu-Cl)(2)] (5) and [Ir(dtbpy)(CH2CMe2Ph)(OTs)(2)] (6), respectively. Reaction of 5 with Li[BEt3\textbackslash{}H] gave the cyclometalated complex [{Ir(dtbpy)(CH2CMe2C6H4)}(2)(mu-Cl)(2)] (7). Reaction of 4 with tetra-cyanoethylene in refluxing toluene resulted in electrophilic substitution of the iridacycle by C-2(CN)(3) with formation of [Ir(dtbpy)(CH2CMe2C6H3{4-C-2(CN)(3)})(2-C6H4CMe3)] (8). Reaction of 4 with diethyl maleate in refluxing toluene gave the iridafuran compound [Ir(dtbpy)(CH2CMe2C6H4){kappa(2)(C,O)-C-(CO2Et)CH(CO2Et)}] (9). Treatment of 9 with 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (xylNC) led to cleavage of the iridafuran ring and formation of [Ir(dtbpy)(CH2CMe2C6H4){C(CO2Et)CH(CO2- Et)}(xylNC)] (10). Protonation of 9 with HBF4 afforded the dinuclear neophyl complex [(Ir(dtbpy)(CH2CMe2Ph)[kappa(2)(C,O)-C(CO2Et)CH(CO2Et)\})(2)]- [1317412 (11). The solid-state structures of complexes 2-5 and 8-11 have been determined