Retroanalytical Study of Epidemiological Factors of Rhinosporidiosis

Introduction Rhinosporidiosis is a granulomatous disease of humans and animals that is caused by Rhinosporidium Seeberi. This disease is endemic in certain states of India, like Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Orissa, and eastern Madhya Pradesh. We conducted a retrospective, record-based study in the department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery of a tertiary case institute in Chhattisgarh. Objective To study the epidemiology of rhinosporidiosis, especially host risk factors. Methods We conducted a retrospective, record-based study in the department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery of a tertiary case institute in Chhattisgarh, India. A total of 55 histologically proven rhinosporidiosis patients who were surgically treated in the department over a period of 2 years from November 2014 to November 2016 were included. Results This study involved 55 histologically proven rhinosporidiosis cases. There were 87% males and 12% females. Most of the cases belonged to lower socioeconomic status (92.73%). All the cases had history of pond bathing. Of 55 cases, 27 cases (49.09%) had O+ blood group followed by A+ in 10 (18.18%), B+ in 9 (16.36) and AB+ in 9 (16.36%). Conclusion The results of the study showed that the disease was associated with the male gender, young and middle age, low socioeconomic status, rural background, pond bathing and O+ blood group

Morphological Characterization of Recombinant Inbred Lines of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

Morphological characterization facilitates the seed production agencies to identify the varieties on phenotypic basis by their distinguished characters. The presence of sufficient variability for various agro-morphological traits, as well as the improvement of these traithrough selection and introduction of new alleles, lines, and accessions into breeding activity from both exotic and indigenous collections, aids in the identification of potential donors. In the present study, 100 genotypes including 96 RIL (recombinant inbred lines), two parental and two national checks were planted at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur. Fourteen phenological trait viz. growth type, growth habit, flower colour, leaf size of lateral leaflet, leaf shape of lateral leaflet, leaf intensity of green colour, pod hairiness, pod: colour of hair, seed size, seed shape, seed coat colour of testa, seed coat lustre, hilum colour and hilum funicle were observed at different growth stages of plants. Among these traits, Semi- determinant growth type (97%), Semi erect growth habit (98%), white flower colour (99%), Pod colour of hair (100%) and hilum funicle same as testa (97%) were most dominating. Whereas Seed coat colour of testa [yellow (74%), yellow-green (24%) and Green (2 %)], Hilum colour [black (48%) and brown (43%) and imperfect black (9%)] and Seed shape [spherical (48%), spherical flattened (33%), flattened (16%) and elongated (3%)] were varied among genotypes

Cervical Chondrosarcoma: A critical review with an illustration of a rare technically challenging case

Chondrosarcoma of the cervical spine is an extremely rare tumour. The indolent course and neglected behaviour of the patient often give enough time for tumour expansion. The surgical management of these types of tumours is challenging. En bloc resection is a proven ideal treatment but it is not always feasible in this region because of the proximity to vital neurovascular structures which explains the recurrence and poor prognosis of this tumour. The role of radiation and chemotherapy in these tumours is limited. We are highlighting unique huge cervical chondrosarcoma which is not mentioned in literature and its management along with a review of 34 cases, published so far

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Not AvailableComprehensive characterization of networks of gene expression regulators is key challenge of functional genomics. Soybean genomic sequences can be used to frame model for binding sites of fundamental transcription factors, and RNA seq data. It has been manifested that the reverse genetics approach can reveal gene regulator networks in soybean, which explains regulatory mechanisms for salt response from expression of gene patterns. In this study, the sequences of protein is functionally validated salt tractable genes is used to key out soybean orthologous with the help of ‘blastP’ search against Glycine max genome database. Thirty- eight salt responsive genes allocate among 39 cis-acting elements of soybean is elucidated by the ‘PlantCARE’ database. Gene promoter analysis of salt tractable genes indicated the presence of biotic and abiotic stress responsive, light, hormone, plant tissues specific and gene specific cis-regulatory elements in soybean. A total, 38 salt tractable genes in soybean is entrusted for GO terms based on the ‘Ensembl Plants’ database. These GO terms are sum up into the three main categories (biological process, cellular component, and molecular function) and 62 sub-categories. These GO annotations comprise a general profile signature of gene expression for salt tractable genes in soybean. Our results explained about the identified soybean salt tractable genes differentially respond in plant growth, development and gene regulation during biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The data obtained from this study contribute to a better enlightening of the role of the regulatory and functional pathway of salt tolerant genes in soybean.Not Availabl

Baseline findings of a multicentric ambispective cohort study (2021–2022) among hospitalised mucormycosis patients in India

In India, the incidence of mucormycosis reached high levels during 2021–2022, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this, we established a multicentric ambispective cohort of patients hospitalised with mucormycosis across India. In this paper, we report their baseline profile, clinical characteristics and outcomes at discharge. Patients hospitalized for mucormycosis during March–July 2021 were included. Mucormycosis was diagnosed based on mycological confirmation on direct microscopy (KOH/Calcofluor white stain), culture, histopathology, or supportive evidence from endoscopy or imaging. After consent, trained data collectors used medical records and telephonic interviews to capture data in a pre-tested structured questionnaire. At baseline, we recruited 686 patients from 26 study hospitals, of whom 72.3% were males, 78% had a prior history of diabetes, 53.2% had a history of corticosteroid treatment, and 80% were associated with COVID-19. Pain, numbness or swelling of the face were the commonest symptoms (73.3%). Liposomal Amphotericin B was the commonest drug formulation used (67.1%), and endoscopic sinus surgery was the most common surgical procedure (73.6%). At discharge, the disease was stable in 43.3%, in regression for 29.9% but 9.6% died during hospitalization. Among survivors, commonly reported disabilities included facial disfigurement (18.4%) and difficulties in chewing/swallowing (17.8%). Though the risk of mortality was only 1 in 10, the disability due to the disease was very high. This cohort study could enhance our understanding of the disease’s clinical progression and help frame standard treatment guidelines