Additional file 7: Figure S5. of Time-course transcriptome analysis of human cellular reprogramming from multiple cell types reveals the drastic change occurs between the mid phase and the late phase

DNMT3L and AIRE gene expression patterns. (PDF 76 kb

Marie-Claire / dir. Jean Prouvost

12 juillet 19411941/07/12 (A0,N207)-1941/07/12.Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : UnivJeun

Additional file 4: Table S2 of Time-course transcriptome analysis of human cellular reprogramming from multiple cell types reveals the drastic change occurs between the mid phase and the late phase

List of gene symbols clustered with five groups in Fig. 3. (TSV 24 kb

Table_1_Impact of supervisors' research style on young biomedical scientists' capacity development as measured by REDi, a novel index of crossdisciplinarity.docx

The challenge for medical schools in Japan is to develop research activities for innovation. This study aimed at analyzing the connection between the research output of “promising researchers” (next-generation leaders in terms of research activity) and their supervisors' past research activities to identify those factors that impact researchers' performance. Activity was analyzed from the viewpoints of productivity, coauthorship networks, and research impact using a novel index called the Research Diversity Index (REDi) that quantifies crossdisciplinarity. Research funding, which has not yet been fully utilized in correlation studies of the characteristics of authors, was also considered in this study. For the promising researchers extracted using betweenness centrality scores within coauthorship networks, there were diachronic correlations between the records of the promising researchers and those of their supervisors. Supervisor leadership as measured by the number of last-authored publications and extent of networking had a positive effect on the promising researchers productivity. Supervisors' research style of integrating knowledge from multiple fields, as measured by REDi, was negatively correlated with the publication impact of promising researchers, suggesting that REDi is useful as a novel indicator of research quality not being captured by existing indices. It was also noted that establishing an academic presence through extensive collaborations could be advantageous for obtaining research funding, especially from top-down government programs. The possible implications of this study for promoting research activities are the importance of incorporating new doctorates into research groups at an early stage and that of promoting interinstitutional, crossdisciplinary collaborations.Classification codeMSC: 62P10 Applications of statistics to biology and medical sciences; meta-analysis.JEL: Z1Z10 Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology- General.</p

Feasibility of a Short-Arm Centrifuge for Mouse Hypergravity Experiments

<div><p>To elucidate the pure impact of microgravity on small mammals despite uncontrolled factors that exist in the International Space Station, it is necessary to construct a 1 <i>g</i> environment in space. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has developed a novel mouse habitat cage unit that can be installed in the Cell Biology Experiment Facility in the Kibo module of the International Space Station. The Cell Biology Experiment Facility has a short-arm centrifuge to produce artificial 1 <i>g</i> gravity in space for mouse experiments. However, the gravitational gradient formed inside the rearing cage is larger when the radius of gyration is shorter; this may have some impact on mice. Accordingly, biological responses to hypergravity induced by a short-arm centrifuge were examined and compared with those induced by a long-arm centrifuge. Hypergravity induced a significant Fos expression in the central nervous system, a suppression of body mass growth, an acute and transient reduction in food intake, and impaired vestibulomotor coordination. There was no difference in these responses between mice raised in a short-arm centrifuge and those in a long-arm centrifuge. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using a short-arm centrifuge for mouse experiments.</p></div

Posture at the onset of 2 <i>g</i> in a Sham (A) and a VL (B) mouse.

<p>Posture at the onset of 2 <i>g</i> in a Sham (A) and a VL (B) mouse.</p

A: centrifugal force induced by centrifugation at 77 rpm in space. B: the synthetic gravity between 1 <i>g</i> terrestrial gravity and 1 <i>g</i> centrifugal force. C: the gravity gradient along the horizontal plane of the base of the cage.

<p>A: centrifugal force induced by centrifugation at 77 rpm in space. B: the synthetic gravity between 1 <i>g</i> terrestrial gravity and 1 <i>g</i> centrifugal force. C: the gravity gradient along the horizontal plane of the base of the cage.</p

Summarized data for the numbers of Fos-labeled cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the medial vestibular nuclei (MVe), the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of Sham-1g, Sham-2g-S, Sham-2g-L, and VL-2g-S.

<p>In each nucleus, three to seven slices were picked up from each mouse, and then averaged within a group. The number of Fos-labeled cells in the NTS was the sum of the bilateral NTS, whereas the other nuclei were unilateral. *<i>P</i> < 0.05 vs. Sham-1g.</p

Baseline body mass (g) immediately before the 2-week 1.4 <i>g</i> load.

<p>*<i>P</i> < 0.05 vs. Sham.</p><p>Baseline body mass (g) immediately before the 2-week 1.4 <i>g</i> load.</p

Typical photomicroscopic images of serial sections of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the medial vestibular nuclei (MVe), the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) obtained from Sham-1g, Sham-2g-S, and VL-2g-S.

<p>AP: area postrema; 4V: 4th ventricle; 3V: 3rd ventricle; och: optic chiasm. −7.02 mm from the bregma for NTS, −5.88 mm from the bregma for MVe, −0.94 mm from bregma for PVN and SON.</p