Patient characteristics.

<p>Abbreviations: PSA is prostate-specific antigen; TZ is transition zone; IPSS is International Prostate Symptom Score; QOL is Quality of Life score: OABSS is Overactive Bladder Symptom Score</p><p>Patient characteristics.</p

Multiple regression analysis for the improvement of the storage symptoms.

<p>Multiple regression analysis for the improvement of the storage symptoms.</p

Bladder blood flow measured by LDF.

<p>Every region of the bladder including left wall, right wall, and bladder trigone showed a significant increase in blood flow as measured by LDF. *: p<0.001 Student’s t-test</p

Longitudinal change in IPSS (A), QOL score (B), and OABSS (C).

<p>There was significant improvement 1 week after surgery (*: p<0.05 Dunnett's test, compared with baseline). Note that the improvement of the OABSS is slower than the IPSS score.</p

Change in individual parameters before and after HoLEP.

<p>Data are derived from the Wilcoxon’s signed rank test</p><p>Change in individual parameters before and after HoLEP.</p

The improvement rate of IPSS and OABSS.

<p>(A) shows the improvement rate of storage symptoms in IPSS for both the increased perfusion group and the no change group. (B) shows the improvement rate of OABSS storage symptoms for the increased perfusion group and the no change group.*: p<0.001 Student’s t-test</p

Laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF; OMEGA FLOW FLO-C1 BV, OMEGAWAVE, Tokyo, Japan).

<p>1A: LDF employs a beam of low intensity monochromatic infrared light emitted from a laser diode within the flowmeter to measure the real-time micro-perfusion rate at tissue depths of 1 mm. B: The probe is placed a few mm away from the bladder mucosa while the bladder is filled with 150 ml saline at room temperature.</p

The change in voided volume.

<p>The change in voided volume is shown before and after surgery for both the increased perfusion group and the no change group. *: p<0.0001 Student’s t-test</p