Does Monetary Policy Have Expansionary Bias with External Wealth?

This paper investigates how the accumulation of external wealth affects a monetary policy. We demonstrate that though an expansionary bias emerges in a monetary policy, a fiscal method can eliminate such a bias.external wealth, monetary policy, corrective tax policies

Costs in English and Japanese legal procedure

The authors suggest that Japan is a non-litigious society because of high litigation costs and lengthy procedures and explain the system of costs and changes that have been made and consider what still needs to be done. Article by Sato Niiya and Sam Jarman (British Japanese Law Association) published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London

On the Radii of Brown Dwarfs Measured with AKARI Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

We derive the radii of 16 brown dwarfs observed by AKARI using their parallaxes and the ratios of observed to model fluxes. We find that the brown dwarf radius ranges between 0.64-1.13 RJ with an average radius of 0.83 RJ. We find a trend in the relation between radii and Teff; the radius is at a minimum at Teff~1600 K, which corresponds to the spectral types of mid-to late-L. The result is interpreted by a combination of radius-mass and radius-age relations that are theoretically expected for brown dwarfs older than 10^8 yr.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures; submitted 2012 October 14 and accepted 2013 February 12 for publication to The Astrophysical Journa