How can one kill someone twice in Indonesian? Causal pluralism at the syntax-semantics interface

This paper investigates the non-culminating, zero change-of-state construal of causative accomplishment verbs as well as its origin in Indonesian in order to shed light on the event/conceptual structure of this verb class. The paper first presents novel data illustrating that this construal is possible with an agentive subject, but not with a causer subject, thereby lending support to the Agent Control Hypothesis (Demirdache and Martin 2015), which is known to regulate the relationship between agentivity and non-culmination. The paper then addresses the question of why Indonesian exhibits this agentive-sensitive distribution of the non-culminating interpretation. This fact is argued to follow from a close interaction of Martin's (2019) event-tokenization theory of two types of causation with the maximality requirement of the weak perfective operator (Altshuler 2014) independently developed for languages such as Thai, Hindi and Chinese. The proposed analysis receives support from time-frame adverbials and different interpretations imposed on VP complementation under aspectual predicates

An alternative approach to comprehensive Gröbner bases

AbstractWe give an alternative definition of comprehensive Gröbner bases in terms of Gröbner bases in polynomial rings over commutative Von Neumann regular rings. Our comprehensive Gröbner bases are defined as Gröbner bases in polynomial rings over certain commutative Von Neumann regular rings, hence they have two important properties which do not hold in standard comprehensive Gröbner bases. One is that they have canonical forms in a natural way. Another one is that we can define monomial reductions which are compatible with any instantiation. Our comprehensive Gröbner bases are wider than Weispfenning’s original comprehensive Gröbner bases. That is there exists a polynomial ideal generated by our comprehensive Gröbner basis which cannot be generated by any of Weispfenning’s original comprehensive Gröbner bases

Probabilistic risk assessment of solar particle events considering the cost of countermeasures to reduce the aviation radiation dose

太陽フレアによる被ばくの脅威から航空機搭乗者を「合理的」に護る --経済的損失リスクの定量化により最適な航空機運用指針の策定が可能に--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-09-03.Cosmic-ray exposure to flight crews and passengers, which is called aviation radiation exposure, is an important topic in radiological protection, particularly for solar energetic particles (SEP). We therefore assessed the risks associated with the countermeasure costs to reduce SEP doses and dose rates for eight flight routes during five ground level enhancements (GLE). A four-dimensional dose-rate database developed by the Warning System for Aviation Exposure to Solar Energetic Particles, WASAVIES, was employed in the SEP dose evaluation. As for the cost estimation, we considered two countermeasures; one is the cancellation of the flight, and the other is the reduction of flight altitudes. Then, we estimated the annual occurrence frequency of significant GLE events that would bring the maximum flight route dose and dose rate over 1.0 mSv and 80 μSv/h, respectively, based on past records of GLE as well as historically large events observed by the cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in tree rings and ice cores. Our calculations suggest that GLE events of a magnitude sufficient to exceed the above dose and dose rate thresholds, requiring a change in flight conditions, occur once every 47 and 17 years, respectively, and their conservatively-estimated annual risks associated with the countermeasure costs are up to around 1.5 thousand USD in the cases of daily-operated long-distance flights

Half-Integer Shapiro Steps in a Short Ballistic InAs Nanowire Josephson Junction

We report on half-integer Shapiro steps observed in an InAs nanowire Josephson junction. We observed the Shapiro steps of the short ballistic InAs nanowire Josephson junction and found anomalous half-integer steps in addition to the conventional integer steps. The half-integer steps disappear as the temperature increases or transmission of the junction decreases. These experimental results agree closely with numerical calculation of the Shapiro response for the skewed current phase relation in a short ballistic Josephson junction