717 research outputs found
A Mammalian Homolog of Drosophila melanogaster Transcriptional Coactivator Intersex Is a Subunit of the Mammalian Mediator Complex
The multiprotein Mediator complex is a coactivator required for transcriptional activation of RNA polymerase II transcribed genes by DNA binding transcription factors. We previously partially purified a Med8-containing Mediator complex from rat liver nuclei (Brower, C. S., Sato, S., Tomomori-Sato, C., Kamura, T., Pause, A., Stearman, R., Klausner, R. D., Malik, S., Lane, W. S., Sorokina, I., Roeder, R. G., Conaway, J. W., and Conaway, R. C. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99, 10353–10358). Analysis of proteins present in the most highly enriched Mediator fractions by tandem mass spectrometry led to the identification of several new mammalian Mediator subunits, as well as several potential Mediator subunits. Here we identify one of these proteins, encoded by the previously uncharacterized AK000411 open reading frame, as a new subunit of the mammalian Mediator complex. The AK000411 protein, which we designate hIntersex (human Intersex), shares significant sequence similarity with the Drosophila melanogaster intersex protein, which has functional properties expected of a transcriptional coactivator specific for the Drosophila doublesex transactivator. In addition, we show that hIntersex assembles into a subcomplex with Mediator subunits p28b and TRFP. Taken together, our findings identify a new subunit of the mammalian Mediator and shed new light on the architecture of the mammalian Mediator complex
Virtualized Network Graph Design and Embedding Model to Minimize Provisioning Cost
The provisioning cost of a virtualized network (VN) depends on several factors, including the numbers of virtual routers (VRs) and virtual links (VLs), mapping of them on a substrate infrastructure, and routing of data traffic. An existing model, known as the virtual network embedding (VNE) model, determines the embedding of given VN graphs into the substrate infrastructure. When the resource allocation model of the VNE problem is adopted to a single-entity scenario, where a single entity fulfills the roles of both a service provider and an infrastructure provider, an issue of increased costs of VNs and access paths arise. This paper proposes a model for virtualized network graph design and embedding (VNDE) for the single-entity scenario. The VNDE model determines the number of VRs and a VN graph for each request in conjunction with embedding. The VNDE model also determines access paths that connect customer premises and VRs. We formulate the VNDE model as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. We develop heuristic algorithms for the cases where the ILP problem cannot be solved in practical time. We evaluate the performance of the VNDE model on several networks, including an actual Japanese academic backbone network. Numerical results show that the proposed model designs suitable VN graphs and embeds them according to the volume of traffic demands and access path cost. Compared with the benchmark model, which is based on a classic VNE approach, the proposed model reduces the provisioning cost at most 28.7% in our examined scenarios
Microfluidic cell engineering on high-density microelectrode arrays for assessing structure-function relationships in living neuronal networks
Neuronal networks in dissociated culture combined with cell engineering
technology offer a pivotal platform to constructively explore the relationship
between structure and function in living neuronal networks. Here, we fabricated
defined neuronal networks possessing a modular architecture on high-density
microelectrode arrays (HD-MEAs), a state-of-the-art electrophysiological tool
for recording neural activity with high spatial and temporal resolutions. We
first established a surface coating protocol using a cell-permissive hydrogel
to stably attach polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic film on the HD-MEA. We then
recorded the spontaneous neural activity of the engineered neuronal network,
which revealed an important portrait of the engineered neuronal
network--modular architecture enhances functional complexity by reducing the
excessive neural correlation between spatially segregated modules. The results
of this study highlight the impact of HD-MEA recordings combined with cell
engineering technologies as a novel tool in neuroscience to constructively
assess the structure-function relationships in neuronal networks.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
Associations of CT evaluations of antigravity muscles, emphysema and airway disease with longitudinal outcomes in patients with COPD
Multiple CT indices are associated with disease progression and mortality in patients with COPD, but which indices have the strongest association remain unestablished. This longitudinal 10-year observational study (n=247) showed that the emphysema severity on CT is more closely associated with the progression of airflow limitation and that a reduction in the cross-sectional area of erector spinae muscles (ESMCSA) on CT is more closely associated with mortality than the other CT indices, independent of patient demographics and pulmonary function. ESMCSA is a useful CT index that is more closely associated with long-term mortality than emphysema and airway disease in patients with COPD
Spin-orbit coupling inactivity of Co ion in geometrically frustrated magnet GeCoO
We report single-crystal neutron diffraction studies on a spinel
antiferromagnet GeCoO, which exhibits magnetic order with a trigonal
propagation vector and tetragonal lattice expansion () below
K. For this inconsistency between spin and lattice in symmetry,
magnetic Bragg reflections with a tetragonal propagation vector were discovered
below . We discuss spin and orbital states of Co ion
underlying the new magnetic component.Comment: 3 pages 2 figures, submitted to ICFCM proceeding (Journal of Physics:
Conference Series, 2011
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