Trustee: A Trust Management System for Fog-enabled Cyber Physical Systems

In this paper, we propose a lightweight trust management system (TMS) for fog-enabled cyber physical systems (Fog-CPS). Trust computation is based on multi-factor and multi-dimensional parameters, and formulated as a statistical regression problem which is solved by employing random forest regression model. Additionally, as the Fog-CPS systems could be deployed in open and unprotected environments, the CPS devices and fog nodes are vulnerable to numerous attacks namely, collusion, self-promotion, badmouthing, ballot-stuffing, and opportunistic service. The compromised entities can impact the accuracy of trust computation model by increasing/decreasing the trust of other nodes. These challenges are addressed by designing a generic trust credibility model which can countermeasures the compromise of both CPS devices and fog nodes. The credibility of each newly computed trust value is evaluated and subsequently adjusted by correlating it with a standard deviation threshold. The standard deviation is quantified by computing the trust in two configurations of hostile environments and subsequently comparing it with the trust value in a legitimate/normal environment. Our results demonstrate that credibility model successfully countermeasures the malicious behaviour of all Fog-CPS entities i.e. CPS devices and fog nodes. The multi-factor trust assessment and credibility evaluation enable accurate and precise trust computation and guarantee a dependable Fog-CPS system

Multi-Channel Deficit Round-Robin Scheduling for Hybrid TDM/WDM Optical Networks

In this paper we propose and investigate the performance of a multi-channel scheduling algorithm based on the well-known deficit round-robin (DRR), which we call multi-channel DRR (MCDRR). We extend the original DRR to the case of multiple channels with tunable transmitters and fixed receivers to provide efficient fair queueing in hybrid time division multiplexing (TDM)/wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. We take into account the availability of channels and tunable transmitters in extending the DRR and allow the overlap of `rounds' in scheduling to efficiently utilize channels and tunable transmitters. Simulation results show that the proposed MCDRR can provide nearly perfect fairness with ill-behaved flows for different sets of conditions for inter-frame times and frame sizes in hybrid TDM/WDM optical networks with tunable transmitters and fixed receivers

2,3-Bis[(2-methyl­phen­oxy)meth­yl]buta-1,3-diene

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C20H22O2, a symmetrically 2-methyl­phenol-substituted divinyl analog, exhibits crystallographically imposed C 2 symmetry. The mol­ecular structure is essentially planar. The structure is stabilized by a short inter­molecular C—H⋯O contact. Cooperative C—H⋯π inter­actions generate an infinite one-dimensional chain of mol­ecules along the a axis

STANDARDIZATION AND COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF AYURVEDIC POLYHERBAL GHRITA FORMULATION WITH MODERN EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY USING REVERSED PHASE-HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Objective: Sarasvata ghrita (SG) is a polyherbal formulation in Ayurvedic Indian medicinal system, in which ghee is the main ingredient used for extraction. Ghee is 100% lipid, thus its regular use is limited, and there is a lack of quality control profile of SG. Thus, the objective of the study is to develop quality control method for standardization of SG and to analyze manufacturing process of SG and an effective method of extraction to extract phytoconstituents from herbs used in SG to overcome the limitation of SG.Methods: SG was processed as per the traditional method, whereas ethanolic extract (EE) and hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) were obtained by the conventional method and lipid-based extract (LE) was prepared by modern extraction method. SG and all extracts were standardized using newly developed high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) with respect to bebeerine, piperine, 6-shogaol, β-asarone, and chebulinic acid. All extracts were analyzed for pesticides, and heavy metal content by LC/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and inductively coupled plasma/MS, respectively, screened for total polyphenols and flavonoids content, in vitro antioxidant potential, and for assessing its stability over time.Results: The better extraction was observed with maceration extraction using ethanol compared to ayurvedic method and LE method. All extracts were found to have a negligible amount of pesticide and heavy metals and found to be stable for 6 months under accelerated storage condition. Better polyphenols and flavonoid content and in vitro antioxidant potential were resulted in EE.Conclusion: EE showed a better potential in comparison with SG and LE

3-(7,8,13,14-Tetra­hydrodi­benzo­[a,i]phen­an­thridin-5-yl)benzene-1,2-diol

In the title compound, C27H21NO2, the half-chair conformation of the alicyclic rings gives rise to a slightly folded structure of the central tricyclic tetra­hydrophenanthridine unit. Tandem intra­molecular O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds give rise to adjacent S(6) and S(5) rings, respectively, which dictate the conformation of the 5-aryl substituent. In the crystal structure, an inter­molecular C—H⋯O contact generates chains parallel to [101]. Short O—H⋯π and C—H⋯π contacts are also observed

1-Meth­oxy-4-({[(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)­sulfan­yl](phen­yl)meth­yl}sulfan­yl)benzene

The title compound, C21H20O2S2, forms a propeller-shaped structure with the tetra­hedral C atom as the central hub and meth­oxy­benzene and phenyl residues as radiating blades. Short C—H⋯π contacts are observed

(3E,5E)-1-Benzyl-3,5-bis­(2-fluoro­benzyl­idene)piperidin-4-one

The inversion-related mol­ecules of the title compound, C26H21F2NO, associate into closed dimeric subunits via co-operative C—H⋯π inter­actions. Two non-classical C—H⋯O and one C—H⋯N intra­molecular hydrogen bonds are also found in the crystal structure. The piperidin-4-one ring adopts a sofa conforamtion with the 1-benzyl group in the equatorial position, and the equiplanar fluoro­phenyl substituents in the 3- and 5-positions stretched out on either side. The 1-benzyl group is disposed towards the substituent in the 6th position of the piperidin-4-one ring. The 3,5-diene units possess E configurations

1,1′-[(2-Bromo­phen­yl)­methyl­ene]­dipyrrolidin-2-one

In the title compound, C15H17BrN2O2, both pyrrolidinone rings adopt envelope conformations. The crystal packing is characterized by short C—Br⋯O=C inter­actions [Br⋯O = 3.1730 (13) Å], leading to supra­molecular dimers. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions are also observed

(7E)-5-Benzyl-7-(2-chloro­benzyl­idene)-3-(2-chloro­phen­yl)-2-phenyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexa­hydro-2H-pyrazolo­[4,3-c]pyridine

In the title 2H-pyrazolo­[4,3-c]pyridine derivative, C32H27Cl2N3, the dihydro­pyrazole ring adopts an envelope conformation and the piperidine fused ring a twisted-chair conformation. Two short intra­molecular C—H⋯Cl contacts are observed. The crystal packing is characterized by dimeric C—Cl⋯π inter­actions involving the 5-benzyl ring, with Cl⋯centroid and closest atomic Cl⋯π distances of 3.778 (2) and 3.366 (4) Å, respectively

(3E,5E)-3,5-Bis(4-allyl­oxybenzyl­idene)-1-benzyl­piperidin-4-one

In the title compound C32H31NO3, the all­yloxy groups on either side of the piperidin-4-one ring are conformationally disordered. The contribution of major and minor components of the allyloxy group at the 3rd position of the ring are 0.576 (4) and 0.424 (4), respectively, and those at the 5th position are 0.885 (3) and 0.115 (3), respectively. The six-membered piperidin-4-one ring adopts a sofa conformation with the benzyl group occupying an equatorial position and the olefinic double bonds possessing an E configuration. Flanking phenyl substituents are stretched out on either side of the six-membered ring. π–π inter­actions with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.885 (1) Å give rise to mol­ecular dimers and short C—H⋯π contacts lead to chains along the c axis