Andal Nachiyar's Marriage Dream and Psychology

Tamil is known as the language of devotion. Spiritual belief flourished due to Tamil and Tamil language flourished due to devotional practices. These two grew interwoven with each other. The Nayanmars and Alvars spread out in praise of the Lord today. Psychological messages are widely found in the songs sung in this way. Andal Nachiyar, one of the twelve Alwars, considered Malavan as his bride. Thirumal dreamed of marrying her. Varanamayiram, the hymn he sang about that dream, gives space for a psychological approach. According to psychologists, indulgence occurs in the fulfillment of repressed and latent subconscious desires by creating substitutes in various ways. The expression of such events is the works of art and literature and the dreams contained therein. What manifests through dreams are the desires of the subconscious mind. And these are illusions that may appear as fictitious figures. It can be revealed by the words slipping out of the mouth. Psychologist Sigmund Freud said that if you look at all these, you can identify the hidden desires. According to the above Freud's opinion, one can know his subconscious desires if one examines the Varanamayiram by Andal Nachiyar. Gothai, who loved Thirumal from a young age, wanted to marry Aranganqi with the conviction that he would not live as a man. This thought in his subconscious manifested itself as a dream. Tolkappiyar and Thiruvalluvar have mentioned the dream of the lovelorn hero and heroine as 'Kanavodu Mayangal' and Tiruvalluvar as the authority of the dream stage narration. Although dreaming text is considered a literary technique and every dream has a specific meaning. A scientific interpretation of dreams is possible and Freud's view of dreams is essential. In this way, Andal Nachiyar's dream of marriage is a strategy from a literary point of view, and from a philosophical point of view, the combination of life (Jivatma) - Lord (Paramatma) and from a psychological point of view, it is a memory of a deep childhood trauma

Influence of gravity waves and tides on mesospheric temperature inversion layers: simultaneous Rayleigh lidar and MF radar observations

Three nights of simultaneous Rayleigh lidar temperature measurements over Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E) and medium frequency (MF) radar wind measurements over Tirunelveli (8.7° N, 77.8° E) have been analyzed to illustrate the possible effects due to tidal-gravity wave interactions on upper mesospheric inversion layers. The occurrence of tidal gravity wave interaction is investigated using MF radar wind measurements in the altitude region 86–90 km. Of the three nights, it is found that tidal gravity wave interaction occurred in two nights. In the third night, diurnal tidal amplitude is found to be significantly larger. As suggested in Sica et al. (2007), mesospheric temperature inversion seems to be a signature of wave saturation in the mesosphere, since the temperature inversion occurs at heights, when the lapse rate is less than half the dry adiabatic lapse rate

Variabilities of mesospheric tides and equatorial electrojet strength during major stratospheric warming events

The present study demonstrates the relationship between the high latitude northern hemispheric major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events and the reversal in the afternoon equatorial electrojet (EEJ), often called the counter-electrojet (CEJ), during the winter months of 1998–1999, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 and 2005–2006. As the EEJ current system is driven by tidal winds, an investigation of tidal variabilities in the MF radar observed zonal winds during the winters of 1998–1999 and 2005–2006 at 88 km over Tirunelveli, a site close to the magnetic equator, shows that there is an enhancement of semi-diurnal tidal amplitude during the days of a major SSW event and a suppression of the same immediately after the event. The significance of the present results lies in demonstrating the latitudinal coupling between the high latitude SSW phenomenon and the equatorial ionospheric current system with clear evidence for major SSW events influencing the day-to-day variability of the CEJ

Anaesthetic management of patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75203/1/j.1365-2044.2007.05238.x.pd

ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST DIFFERENT HUMAN PATHOGENS

Objective: Here, we report the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the cell-free extract of fungal isolate Aspergillus flavus and evaluation its inhibitory activity against bacterial pathogens. Methods: Synthesized AgNPs was characterized via high throughput instrumentation such as UV–Visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Results: Formation of yellowish brown colour clearly indicates the synthesis of AgNPs which produces a SPR peak at 420 nm. Active protein metabolites present in the cell-free extract plays a crucial role in reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. It was clearly observed that synthesized AgNPs were faced-centered cubic crystalline in nature with the mean size of 22±11 nm. Further, synthesized AgNPs capped with protein moieties exhibits excellent inhibitory activity against tested bacterial pathogens. Conclusion: In this study, we have isolated the fungal strain A. flavus from the infected larvae of D. eucharis from the soil. The active metabolites of isolated A. flavus have been successfully used as an eco-friendly reducing agent to generate AgNPs and synthesized particles can be potentially developed as a drug candidature for antimicrobial therapy

Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for the Simultaneous Estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium, Aspirin, Ramipril and Metoprolol Tartrate in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical Dosage form by UV Spectroscopy and Hptlc.

The present studies was aimed to develop simple, precise and accurate methods for the estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium, Aspirin, Ramipril and Metoprolol Tartrate in bulk and in combined pharmaceutical dosage form and to validate the developed methods by UV-spectroscopy and HPTLC. Method Development: The solubility of individual drugs was checked and from the list of solvents the common and stable solvent for the four drugs was selected. The solvent selected for both UV spectroscopy and HPTLC must be cheap and readily available. The various steps involved in the method development as follows, UV Spectroscopy Selection of appropriate analytical wavelength and selection of suitable method determination of working concentration range, Analysis of synthetic mixture, Simultaneous analysis of the formulation by using the developed method HPTLC Method Determination of suitable detection wavelength, Optimization of chromatographic conditions, Analysis of formulation, System suitability testing. The two methods were found to be accurate, precise and rapid for the simultaneous estimation of these drugs. This was confirmed by low percentage RSD values. The spectrophotometric method is found to be economical when compared to the HPTLC method. But HPTLC is more sensitive than UV spectrophotometric method. The low percentage RSD value in the recovery studies suggests that the excipients do not interfere in the analysis of formulation and hence all the methods are accurate. HPTLC is found to be more sensitive than other method. Because the linearity range, LOD, LOQ were less in HPTLC method than UV spectroscopic method. Hence it is suggested that these two methods can be applied successfully for the routine quality control analysis for the simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium, Aspirin, Ramipril and Metoprolol Tartrate in bulk and in pharmaceutical dosage form and the obtained results will be presented elsewhere

COMPUTATIONAL SCREENING AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF LICHEN SECONDARY METABOLITES AGAINST SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME-COV-2 MAIN PROTEASE AND SPIKE PROTEIN

Objective: At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic is increasing global health concerns. This coronavirus outbreak is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2. Since, no specific antiviral for treatment against COVID-19, so identification of new therapeutics is an urgent need. The objective of this study is to the analysis of lichen compounds against main protease and spike protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 using in silico approach. Methods: A total of 108 lichen compounds were subjected to ADMET analysis and 14 compounds were selected based on the ADMET properties and Lipinski’s rule of five. Molecular docking was performed for screening of selected individual lichen metabolites against the main protease and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 by Schrodinger Glide module software. Results: Among the lead compounds, fallacinol showed the highest binding energy value of −11.83 kcal/mol against spike protein, 4-O-Demethylbarbatic acid exhibited the highest dock score of −11.67 kcal/mol against main protease. Conclusion: This study finding suggests that lichen substances may be potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2

Prevalence of Microalbuminuria and It's correlation with duration and severity of Hypertension

INTRODUCTION: Microalbuminuria has been defined as albumin excretion of 20 to 200 mcg / minute or 30 to 300 mg /24 hour in a 24 hour urinary sample. Anything above this level is called macroalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria can also be defined in terms of the urinary albumin –to – creatinine ratio (UACR). A ratio greater than 30 mg /g in the first voided sample in the morning (clean, midstream) is considered abnormal. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with hypertension. 2. To study whether microalbuminuria correlates with duration of hypertension. 3. To study whether microalbuminuria correlates with severity of hypertension-JNC 7 staging. 4. To study whether microalbuminuria correlates with severity of Target organ damage (TOD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Setting: Outpatient clinic of Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. Design of Study: Analytical-cross sectional study. Period of Study: Six months (August 2008-January 2009). Sample Size and Selection of Study Subjects: Sixty hypertensive patients (both newly and previously diagnosed) attending the outpatient clinic were included in this Analytical-cross sectional study. This study group included 33 males and 27 females. The subjects included in the age groups ranging between 20yrs and 70yrs. Details of Study Subjects: Blood pressure was recorded using sphygmomanometer with standard cuff on 2 occasions 10 minutes apart. Patients should have refrained from smoking or drinking tea or coffee for at least 30 minutes before measuring BP .The higher of the two readings was taken as the patient’s blood pressure. Patients’ height and weight were measured and the body mass index was calculated using the formula weight/height. All the peripheral pulses were checked with special attention to carotids and femorals, to detect evidence for early atherosclerosis. An ocular fundus examination was done to detect hypertensive retinopathy. All the subjects had routine urine analysis (albumin, sugar and deposits) done. Fasting and 2 hour postprandial blood sugar, serum urea and creatinine were estimated. A 12 lead electrocardiogram and chest X-ray were also taken. All the patients were instructed to report with first early morning urine sample. Albumin in the urine is very stable at normal temperature, so urinary samples need not be frozen when sent to laboratory. Microalbuminuria was detected by the immunoturbidometric assay. CONCLUSION: In this study of 60 patients with hypertension, the prevalence of microalbuminuria was found to be high. The presence of microalbuminuria in hypertension is statistically correlated with the duration of hypertension. This study showed statistically significant correlation with systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, but not with diastolic pressure. This study showed statistically significant correlation with severity of hypertension (JNC 7 STAGING). This study showed statistically significant correlation with target organ damage. Therefore urinary screening for microalbuminuria in patients with hypertension improves the targeting of primary prevention and should result in the reduction of target organ damage

Evaluation of In-Vitro and In-Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Pulsatilla Nuttalliana (Mill.) Leaves Extract

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Pulsatilla nuttalliana leaves extract Diabetes, often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. In recent years there has been a tremendous increase in demand for herbal drugs due to its safety, efficacy and better therapeutic results Due to its safety, efficacy and better therapeutic results. Due to its economic pricing as compared to synthetic or allopathic drugs which have several therapeutic complication. As we know that everything in this world change time by time since thousands of year the ear was of ayurveda or herbal origin drug. But last few decades it was replaced by allopathic system of medicine, which was rapidly accepted work wide but latter due to its lots of adverse effect and safety profile and the people are more believing in natural origin drug. PLAN OF THE WORK: 1. Gathering and authentification of the genuine plant material. 2. Shade drying and granulation of the dried leaves. 3. Sequential extraction of the plant material using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol. 4. Phytochemical analysis of active extract. 5. Acute toxicity study. 6. In-vitro antidiabetic study using α-amylase inhibition assay. 7. In-vivo antidiabetic study of active extract. CONCLUSION: The leaves extraction has been performed by sequential extraction method The leaves of Pulsatilla nuttalliana using the solvent with increasing polarity order (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol) and the active extract was tested by invitro antidiabetic screening method. The invitro antidiabetic study have been performed based on the α-amylase inhibition assay. Each extracts were tested for α-amylase inhibition and the extract with minimum IC50 have been undergone phyto chemical screening. The preliminary phytochemical tests was performed to identify the active phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extract of Pulsatilla nuttalliana and showed the presence of Phenols, Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Saponins and Terpenoids. The in-vivo antidiabetic activity of Ethanolic extract of Pulsatilla nuttalliana leaf was tested by using STZ induced diabetic rat. Acute toxicity study was carried out in rats. The procedure was followed by OECD 423 (Acute toxicity class method). 1/5th (400mg/kg) of the maximum safe dose (2000mg/kg) were selected for further study. Fasting blood sample were drawn from tail vein of rats at weekly intervals till the end of the study 1,7 and 14 days. On these days fasting blood glucose were collected and analysed for glucose. At the end of the study (14th day)the ethanolic extract of Pulsatilla nuttalliana leaf (400 mg/kg p.o) treated diabetic groups showed statistically significant decrease in blood glucose similar to the standard drug glibenclamide (2mg/kg), which indicated block the alfa amyalase activity. The present study suggested that the isolation of active constituents from ethanolic extract of Pulsatilla nuttalliana leaf and characterize the compounds by using preliminary phytochemical studies

Prevalence and predictors of renal artery stenosis in hypertensive patients undergoing Coronary Angiography.

INTRODUCTION : Atherosclerotic renovascular disease is a frequently overlooked and potentially correctable disease. Unsuspected renal artery stenosis of varying severity coexists with coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. It is increasingly recognized that atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS), accounting for about 90% of cases of renal artery stenosis is an important cause of renal insufficiency, refractory hypertension, and cardiac destabilization syndromes. OBJECTIVES : (i) To study 1) The prevalence of renal artery stenosis (RAS) in hypertensive patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing coronary angigraphy by renal angiography. 2) Predictors of significant RAS. 3) Association between hypertension, CAD and RAS. DESIGN : Single centre cross section observational study. This study was conducted among 75 hypertensive patients who were admitted in our hospital with diagnosed CAD for coronary angiography since December 2013.After completion of CAG, renal angiography was done selectively using the same judkins right catheter which was used during cardiac catheterization. RESULTS : The mean age of the patients in our study is 59.5yrs.The Male: Female ratio-1.8:1. The prevalence of Renal artery stenosis in our case is 20% (15/75). Unilateral RAS is 17.33% ( 13/15). Bilateral RAS is 2.66% (2/15).Age >55yrs,female sex, Stage II hypertension, resistant hypertension, duration of hypertension, multivessel disease and the presentation of heart failure are statistically significant predictors of RAS. The presence of angiographically documented CAD patients were (71/75).Only 4 patients had normal coronaries and all the 4 patients did not have RAS. CONCLUSION : In our study the absolute number of patients is small. However the prevalence is significantly higher if hypertensive population with CAD is screened for ARAS. Female sex, elderly age, severe HT, triple vessel disease are significant association with ARAS. We recommend screening RAS in hypertensive CAD patients with high risk predictors