Identification of B cell and T cell specific peptide vaccine for Moraxella catarrahalis.

Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative bacterium that commonly causes respiratory tract infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying respiratory conditions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing peptide-based vaccines to target specific antigens of M. catarrhalis for B cell and T cell immune responses

Phytochemical Analysis of Tephrosia Purpurea and Docking analysis of ompA of Escherichia Coli with Beta Sitosterol

Phytochemical analysis is essential for identifying bioactive compounds in medicinal plants like Tephrosia purpurea, known as "Sarpankha" or "Wild Indigo." Employing techniques like chromatography and spectroscopy reveals alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds with diverse pharmacological activities. This study involves docking analysis, exploring the interaction between beta-sitosterol, a bioactive compound present in T.purpurea, and outer membrane protein A (ompA) of Escherichia coli. OmpA is vital for E. coli's virulence, and beta-sitosterol shows potential antibacterial activity, making it a significant focus for therapeutic investigation

Identification of B-cell and T-cell specific peptide vaccine for Pneumocystis jirovecii

Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungal pathogen that causes a severe lung infection primarily in individuals with compromised immune systems. The high morbidity and mortality associated with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) highlight the need for effective preventive strategies.Peptide vaccines offer several advantages, including their specificity, reduced risk of adverse reactions, and potential for customization. To develop an effective peptide vaccine, it is crucial to identify B-cell and T-cell specific epitopes that can stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies and activate T-cells against Pneumocystis jirovecii. The aim of identifying B-cell and T-cell specific peptide vaccine for Pneumocystis jirovecii is to develop an effective immunization strategy against this fungal pathogen

An In silico Based Comparison of Drug Interactions in Wild and Mutant Human HIV-1 RT through Docking Studies

The aim of this research is to compare the drug interactions between wild-type and mutant forms of human HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) using in silico docking studies Materials and methods: Extract the crystal structures of wild-type HIV-1 RT (PDB ID: 6CQJ) and K103N/Y181C mutant RT (PDB ID: 6COR) from Protein Data Bank, antiviral drugs were downloaded from Pubchem server. Docking was carried out by HEX docking server and interaction was analyzed using Docking energy. Discussion: The findings of this research could contribute to the development of more effective antiretroviral therapies tailored to specific mutations and aid in the design of novel drugs targeting drug-resistant HIV-1 strains. Ultimately, this research may contribute to improving the treatment outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with HIV-1 infection. Conclusion: From the analysis the drug of Zidovudine has shown in Wild type Structure whereas Didanosine the drug which was shown in highest interaction of Mutant type structure

Identification of B- cell and T- cell specific peptide vaccine for Histoplasma capsulatum

Histoplasma capsulatum is an environmental dimorphic fungus.  H. capsulatum infections are primarily acquired, and there is no person-to-person transmission with the rare exception of organ transplantation. The objective of this research is to identify a B-cell and T-cell specific peptide vaccine for H. capsulatum by analyzing the outer membrane protein, predicting B-cell and T-cell epitopes, and selecting a candidate peptide vaccine with high homology to the pathogen and strong MHC I-binding potentia

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesised from Whey Protein in Combination with Hibiscus sabdariffa Flower Oil Extract on Bacterial Biofilm

Silver nanoparticles have unique properties that are of great interest in current research. They are good antiviral agents and photosensitisers. To further enhance our knowledge,silver nanoparticles were synthesised using the help of whey protein.Whey is a protein complex derived from milk. It has antioxidant properties and is a good chelating agent.Hibiscus sabdariffa, commonly called roselle,is a plant from the malvaceae family. It's added in food,herbal drinks and also used as a flavouring agent. Roselle has has excellent antibacterial,antioxidant properties and is also a good hepatoprotective agent.Few other studies have attempted the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf extracts Aim To assess the effect of silver nanoparticles synthesised from whey protein in combination with Hibiscus sabdariffa flower oil extract and antibiotics on biofilms. Materials and methods Silver nanoparticles were synthesised using whey protein. Oil extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa was taken using the hydrodistillation method. Hydrodistillation is a conventional method which uses water or steam for the extraction of bioactive compounds, mostly essential oils. This technique is regularly performed via a setup recognized as the Clevenger apparatus or simple steam distillation. In the Clevenger apparatus, the hydrated sample is heated to vaporise volatile constituents. 2 layers (aqueous and oil-rich) are achieved and oil can be further separated by separating funnels. Results The results suggested that the essential oil didn’t have any significant anti microbial activity on its own. But on mixing with antibiotic(amoxicillin), it had a synergistic combination of inhibitory activity, which was higher than antibiotic treatment alone. Hence,it can be used for treatment in combination with antibiotics.​​ Further studies can be done to check its efficacy on various other microbes.In vivo studies can be taken up to check the effects on human beings Conclusion The silver nanoparticles in combination with Hibiscus sabdariffa flower oil extract+amoxicillin had good antimicrobial properties. Further studies can explore its potential for usage in human beings

IN VITRO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA

Euphorbia hirta, commonly known as "Gatas-gatas" or "Asthma plant," is a medicinal herb widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.It has been traditionally used in various folk medicine systems for the treatment of respiratory ailments, skin disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and inflammatory conditions.The plant is known for its rich phytochemical composition, which includes alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and tannins. These bioactive constituents have been reported to possess diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant properties. The aim of the study is to determine the phytochemical composition of Euphorbia hirta and assess its potential as a source of natural antioxidants

Semi-automatic falls risk estimation of elderly adults using single wrist worn accelerometer

PhD ThesisThe population of the oldest old (aged 85 years and over) is growing. It is estimated that 30% of the adults over the age of 65 years experience falls at least once a year. This figure rises to 50% per annum for adults over 80 years living either at home or in care home. Currently older people are the fastest growing segment of the population. In the UK alone, the proportion of people aged 85 years old has increased from 2% to 4% in the past six decades. This marked increase in growth of population aged over 85 years is expected to have substantial impact on overall falls rate and pose serious issues to meet care needs for social and health care departments. In the light of such negative consequences for the faller and the associated costs to society, simple and quantitative techniques for falls risk screening can contribute significantly. This study describes a semi-automated technique to estimate falls risk of community dwelling elderly adults (aged 85 and over). This study presents the detailed analysis of tri-axial accelerometer movement data recorded from the right wrist of individuals undertaking the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The semi-automated assessment is evaluated here on 394 subjects’ data collected in their home environment. The study compares logistic regression models developed using accelerometer derived features against the traditional TUG measure ‘time taken to complete the test’. Gender based models were built separately across two groups of participants- with and without walking aid. The accelerometer derived feature model yielded a mean sensitivity of 63.95%, specificity of 63.51% and accuracy of 66.24% based on leave one-out cross validation compared to manually timed TUG (mean sensitivity of 52.64%, specificity of 45.41% and accuracy of 55.22%). Results show that accelerometer derived models offer improvement over traditional falls assessment. This automated method enables identification of older people at risk of falls residing both at home and in care homes and to monitor intervention effectiveness of falls management

THIRTY FIVE YEARS OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH PROJECT FOR DRYLAND AGRICULTURE : ACHIEVEMENTS AND IMPACTS (1976 to 2012)

Not AvailableAgriculture is the backbone of Indian economy and rainfed agro-ecosystem occupies an important place in Indian agriculture, covering 68 per cent of the cultivated area (96 m.ha) supporting 40 per cent human, 60 per cent livestock population and producing 44 per cent of the food requirements thus playing a pivotal role in India’s food security. Five out of ten Agro-Climatic Zones in Karnataka were classified as dry zones covering 63 per cent of the total geographical area and 71 per cent of the net sown area, with substantial contribution to agricultural production from dry lands. About 57 per cent of food grain production in Karnataka comes from rainfed areas while, 97 per cent of total pulses and 80 per cent oilseeds were produced in dry land areas. Research on dryland agriculture in the red soil regions of Karnataka was started in 1970 with the establishment of All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA) at Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), Bangalore,Not Availabl