Characteristics (Mean±SD, %) of study variables by race and gender.

<p>Characteristics (Mean±SD, %) of study variables by race and gender.</p

Risk factor variables by cigarette smoking status: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

<p>Mean±SEs are shown unless otherwise indicated.</p><p>LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; BP: Blood pressure; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness.</p><p>P values were adjusted for race and sex (and age).</p

Scatter plot between age and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers.

<p>P value was adjusted for race, sex, leisure time physical activity, alcohol intake, LDL cholesterol, insulin, medications for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin, and metabolic syndrome components.</p

Race-, gender- and age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) by uric acid quartiles (Q).

<p>Race-, gender- and age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) by uric acid quartiles (Q).</p

Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) by cigarette smoking status and metabolic syndrome.

<p>Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the updated NCEP ATP III guidelines<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0096368#pone.0096368-Grundy1" target="_blank">[31]</a>. P value was adjusted for race, sex, leisure time physical activity, alcohol intake, LDL cholesterol, insulin, medications for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin, and metabolic syndrome components.</p

Characteristics of the study sample by race and sex: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

<p>Mean±SDs are shown unless otherwise noted.</p><p>LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; BP = Blood pressure; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness.</p>†<p>: only in whites;</p>‡<p>: only in females;</p>¶<p>: only in males;</p>£<p>: in opposite direction in different race groups.</p><p>P values were adjusted for age and race/sex.</p

Intra-class correlation of MetS components by uric acid quartiles (Q) in children and adults.

<p>(a) boys; (b) girls; (c) all children; (d) male adults; (e) female adults; (f) all adults. BMT = BMI, MAP and TG/HDLC; MTH = MAP, TG/HDLC and HOMA; BMH = BMI, MAP and HOMA; BTH = BMI, TG/HDLC and HOMA; BMTH = BMI, MAP, TG/HDLC and HOMA. All intra-class correlation coefficients are significantly greater than 0 (p<0.001).</p

Epigenome-wide association Manhattan plot for MetS in the GOLDN dataset (n = 846). MetS; metabolic syndrome.

<p>The blue line indicates a marginal significance level of 1.0 x 10⁻⁵; the red line indicates the genome-wide significance level of 1.1 x 10⁻⁷.</p

Differences in mean DNA methylation (%) of cg00574958 in <i>CPT1A</i> by risk factors of MetS.

<p>X-axis shows the criteria met (yes/no) for each component of MetS; Y-axis the mean DNA methylation (%) with error bars showing standard error. *P < 0.01, **P < 0.001. Black bars, MetS criteria not met; gray bars, MetS criteria met. MetS criteria include the following: waist circumference ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 40 mg/dL for men and < 50 mg/dL for women; triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL; blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) ≥ 130 / ≥85 mm Hg; and fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL.</p

The association between sub-clinical atherosclerosis measured from the carotid artery and the genetic risk score formed from 24 risk variants previously associated with coronary artery disease.

<p>Adjustments: Model 1 – unadjusted; Model 2 – age, sex and Body Mass Index; Model 3a – age, sex, body mass index, apoliprotein A, apolipoprotein B, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference; Model 3b – age, sex, body mass index, blood glucose, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure.</p><p>*Beta for a change of one standard deviation in the risk score.</p><p>**For an increase of one risk allele in the GRS_24SNP/CAD.</p><p>***The 6-year incidence of carotid atherosclerosis is defined as the occurrence of substantial CIMT (age-, sex- and BMI- adjusted CIMT- value over 90% percentile) or plaque in 2007 in subjects who did not have substantial CIMT or plaque in 2001.</p><p>Abbreviations: S.E., Standard Error; OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence interval.</p