Transport of Zn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III) across polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) and flat sheet supported liquid membranes (SLM) containing phosphonium ionic liquids as metal ion carriers

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in Separation Science and Technology on 18/04/2016, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01496395.2016.1174265In this work transport of Zn(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions from chloride aqueous solutions across polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) and supported liquid membranes (SLMs) containing one of three phosphonium ionic liquids: trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101), trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (Cyphos IL 104) and tributyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 167) as an ion carrier was reported. The results show that Zn(II) and Fe(III) are effectively transported through PIMs and SLMs, while Fe(II) transport is not effective. The highest values of initial flux and permeability coefficient of Zn(II) were noticed for SLM containing Cyphos IL 167. Cyphos IL 101-containing SLM is more stable than PIM.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Non-dispersive extraction of ge(IV) from aqueous solutions by cyanex 923: Transport and modeling studies

Transport process of germanium from an aqueous solution containing oxalic acid and 100 mg/L Ge was studied. Cyanex 923 immobilized in a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane was employed as a carrier in a flat-sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) system. The speciation of the germanium ion in the oxalic acid medium and related diagrams were applied to study the transport of germanium. The effective parameters such as oxalic acid, carrier concentration, and strip reagent composition were evaluated in this study. Based on the experimental data, the oxalic acid and carrier concentrations of 0.075 mol/L and 20% v/v were the condition in which the efficient germanium transport was achieved, respectively. The concentration range of 0.04–0.1 mol/L was selected for sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a strip reagent providing the best efficiency to transport germanium through the supported liquid membrane (SLM) system. Furthermore, the permeation model was obtained to calculate the mass transfer resistance of the membrane (¿m) and feed (¿f) phases. According to the results, the values of 1 and 1345 s/cm were found for ¿m and ¿f, respectivelyPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Mathematical modelling of neodymium, terbium and dysprosium solvent extraction from chloride media using methyl-tri(octyl/decyl)ammonium oleate ionic liquid as extractant

This paper collects experimental data and mathematical modelling of Nd(III), Tb(III) and Dy(III) solvent extraction with an ionic liquid prepared from Aliquat 336 (Methyl-tri(octyl/decyl)ammonium chloride) and Oleic Acid (AliOle). Extraction experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of chloride anion in aqueous phase, AliOle and REE concentrations over the extraction extension. Mathematical models computed with Matlab software were derived from the mass balances and chemical equilibria involved in the extraction system of Neodymium(III), Terbium(III) and Dysprosium(III) individually. The optimized equilibria parameters proposed fit accurately the experimental data and allowed us to predict the extraction extension of each metal from an aqueous mixture.Postprint (author's final draft

Neodymium recovery from NdFeB magnet wastes using Primene 81R·Cyanex 572 IL by solvent extraction

The necessity of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) recycling is crucial to minimizing their supply risk and provide an alternative to greener technologies. Hence, the REEs recovery from NdFeB magnet wastes using cationic extractants by solvent extraction technique has been investigated in this research. Due to the difficulty in maintaining the aqueous pH in the industrial counter-current devices when extractants like Cyanex 272 or Cyanex 572 are used, the Primene 81R·Cyanex 572 ionic liquid has been synthesised to overcome this. 99.99% Nd(III) recovery with a purity of 99.7% from an aqueous mixture of Nd/Tb/Dy in chloride medium, the three representative REEs present in the NdFeB magnets wastes, has been achieved after two stages counter-current extraction process using 0.30¿M of Primene 81R·Cyanex 572 ionic liquid (1:4 A:O ratio) diluted in Solvesso 100, without any aqueous pH conditioning.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Solvent extraction modeling of Ce/Eu/Y from chloride media using D2EHPA

End-of-life fluorescent lamps are becoming essential in the rare earths (REEs) field and suppose a feasible secondary source for getting them, reducing thus their supply risk. Considering the proved viability of the cationic extractants, the present study aims at establishing a solvent extraction model using di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) not only based on the individual Ce, Eu, and Y behavior in chloride media, but also bearing in mind the competitive extraction of these metals in Ce/Eu/Y mixtures, depending on the media variables. Furthermore, the model allow determining the optimal REEs separation conditions. The results disclose that Y could be separated from the mixture using 0.1 mol/L D2EHPA, acidity above of 3 mol/L of protons and chloride concentrations higher than 4 mol/L.Peer ReviewedPreprin

Rare earths separation from fluorescent lamp wastes using ionic liquids as extractant agents

Processing of end-of-life products has become essential in the rare earth elements (REEs) recovery field because the demand for these metals has increased over the last years due to their intensive use in advanced technologies. Fluorescent lamp wastes are considered one of the most interesting end-of-life products for investigation due to their high REEs content, mainly yttrium and europium. As a result, red phosphors (Y2O3:Eu3+ – YOX) have been chosen for evaluating their REEs’ recovery potential. The REEs from a YOX reach liquor, coming from a soft leaching process have been precipitated adding oxalic acid and calcined to get the REEs in oxide form. Cyanex 572, D2EHPA and the ionic liquids, Primene 81R·Cyanex 572 IL and Primene 81R·D2EHPA IL, have been chosen to investigate the efficiency of REEs separation in chloride media. Yttrium, europium and cerium have been individually recovered by a four stages cross-flow solvent extraction process using the Primene 81R·D2EHPA IL and the Primene 81R·Cyanex 572 IL as extractants. Ce(III), Eu(III) and Y(III) have been obtained at high purities >= 99.9%. 4 mol/L HCl has been used to recover the yttrium and the europium from the organic phases.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Permeability dependencies on the carrier concentration and membrane viscosity for Y(III) and Eu(III) transport by using liquid membranes

The recovery of Y(III) and Eu(III) from fluorescent lamp leachates via supported liquid membranes using Cyanex 923 as a carrier has been studied. The results reveal that the transport process is mainly controlled by the diffusion or the viscosity of the organic phase depending on the carrier concentrations. Furthermore, this paper compares the transport model for flat sheet supported liquid membranes and hollow fibre renewal liquid membranes regarding both REEs in nitrate media. The model allows foreseeing the permeability coefficients for these REEs as a function of the organic phase variables. This study reveals furthermore, that the difference on the permeability coefficients between both membranes correlates to their structural characteristics, e.g. tortuosity, thickness and porosity.Postprint (author's final draft

Notas para una tipología de la cerámica talayótica mallorquina

Abstract not availabl

An expert patient program to improve the empowerment and quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis: protocol for a multicenter pre-post intervention study

Health education; Multiple sclerosis; Quality of lifeEducación para la salud; Esclerosis múltiple; Calidad de vidaEducació sanitaria; Esclerosi múltiple; Qualitat de vidaIntroduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes a progressive disability, which substantially impacts the quality of life (QoL). Health interventions that meet the needs and demands of people with MS are essential to minimize QoL impairment. Expert patient programs (EPPs) facilitate health-related empowerment through peer learning. Based on a previous focus group study, we designed an EPP for MS coordinated by nursing professionals for implementation in the different MS reference units of Catalonia (Southwestern Europe). This study aims to evaluate the effects on quality of life, disease-related knowledge, and self-management related to the health process of the participants of the Expert Patient Program Catalonia™ for people with multiple sclerosis (EPPC-MS). Methods: Pre-post intervention multicenter clinical study involving 12 groups of 12 participants: six groups including relapsing and six groups including progressive MS patients, with 144 participants from 7 MS reference units from all over Catalonia, organized in six teams. The intervention will consist of nine telematic learning peer-led sessions (one weekly session). The expert patient (EP) leading the sessions will be an individual with MS with disease-related knowledge, who will be further trained by nurses to lead the sessions. Study variables will be measured before and immediately after the intervention and 6 and 12 months after the end of the sessions and will include: QoL, emotional impact, activation of the person, MS-related knowledge, fatigue, habits and lifestyles, health services use, and program-related experience. Baseline characteristics considered will be sociodemographic data, date of MS diagnosis and type, family history, and treatment characteristics. Variables related to disease follow-up will be new relapses and characteristics and changes in the ongoing treatment. The number of sessions attended will also be collected. Study variables will be analyzed using a pre-post comparison. Discussion: Peer-led learning programs led by EP help empower people with chronic conditions and offer them tools to improve their autonomy and QoL. This study’s intervention will be performed remotely, offering advantages both for people with chronic conditions and the healthcare system regarding the facilitation of family and work conciliation, saving time, simplifying attendance to meetings, lowering costs, and using fewer material resources.This study was promoted by the MS unit at Vall d’Hebron Hospital Campus and had no external sponsor. The PhD candidate/first author was supported through the Strategic Plan for Research and Innovation in Health 2016–2020 (PERIS) (ref. BDNS 542793) funded by the Health Department of Catalonia. This study had been partially funded by the Official College of Nurses of Barcelona (www.coib.cat) as part of the Nurse Research Projects Grants (PRN-475/2021). None of the funders were involved in the design of the study, manuscript writing or data collection, and will not be involved in data analysis or interpretation and manuscript writing in the future. The only funders’ requirement is that any publications associate with this study must be open access and deposited in an institutional repository