Oncocytic carcinoma of minor salivary gland: a case report

Oncocytic carcinoma is an extremely rare malignancy of minor salivary gland. The biological behaviour, management and prognosis are not well established due to its rarity and paucity of published literature. We report a case of 32 year old man presented an ulcerated growth measuring 1cm in size in right buccal mucosa along with enlarged left submandibular lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis was suggestive of oncocytic carcinoma of minor salivary gland by cytology and subsequently confirmed by excisional biopsy

Biofilm Formation by ica-Negative Ocular Isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Staphylococcus haemolyticus is the second most frequently isolated CoNS from ocular infections and human blood cultures. In this study, we examined 18 ocular S. haemolyticus isolates for their capacity to form biofilm and conducted detachment assay to determine the composition of the biofilm matrix and involvement of various elements in cell lysis. PCR identified the presence of biofilm-associated genes, and ica operon and CLSM visualized the components of the biofilm matrix. We found that PIA-independent biofilm formation is the characteristic feature of S. haemolyticus isolates, irrespective of the sources of isolation, and protein or DNA or both are the major components of the biofilm matrix. Cell lysis enabling DNA release was an essential step for biofilm attachment during the initial stages of biofilm development. The srtA transcript expression study indicates its role in the early stages of biofilm development. We found the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the eDNA and gDNA thus suggesting the possible role of biofilm in horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants. The overall study indicates that S. haemolyticus formed the biofilm comprising of protein or DNA or both and srtA play a role in the initial development of biofilm

Analysis of FNAC in diagnosis of lymphadenopathy-a retrospective study from a regional cancer centre, Cuttack, Odisha

Background: Lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentations and major causes of morbidity. Thus, clinical recognition and urgent diagnosis is of paramount importance. So, we aimed to analysis the diagnostic role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in superficial lymphadenopathy in a regional cancer centre, Odisha, India.Methods: A total 1129 cases were retrieved from the hospital record retrospectively from the patients who had presented with superficial lymphadenopathy from January 2015 to December 2015.Results: Out of 1129 lymphadenopathy cases, 671 (59.43%) were male and 458 (40.56%) were female with male to female ratio 1.46:1. The age of the patients ranged from 4 years to 83 years with mean age 48.57 years. The most common site was observed in cervical lymph node 493 (43.66%) followed by submandibuar lymph nodes 198 (17.53%) and supraclavicular lymph nodes 172 (15.23%). 584 (51.27%) were malignant and 545 (48.27%) were benign. Reactive hyperplasia was most common 318 (58.34%) among benign cases where as metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was the most common 261 (50.77%) among malignant lesions. By FNAC all benign lesions were correctly diagnosed, and primary sites of malignancy identified in 442 (85.59%) cases. Cyto-histo correlation was done in 399 cases. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was found to be   93.98%, sensitivity 93.88%, specificity 94.64%, positive predictive value 99.8% and negative predictive value 71.62%.Conclusions: FNAC is a highly sensitive and specific tool for early detecting primary malignancy and metastatic lesions. Many inflammatory lesions can be treated based on FNAC alone

A Case of Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Presenting as Isolated Inguinal Lymphadenopathy

Inguinal lymphadenopathy is a common condition encountered in routine clinical practice. It can be associated with various causes such as infections, inflammatory conditions, and neoplastic processes. We report the case of a young female presenting with an inguinal swelling with active discharge, which was initially suspected to have bacterial lymphadenitis, but subsequently diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Such an atypical presentation of a hidden malignancy is very rare and has never been reported as per our knowledge

Original Article Section: Obstetrics & Gynaecology Epidemiology of Intrauterine Fetal Deaths: A Retrospective Observational Study

ABSTRACT Background: Intrauterine fetal death is a very tragic event for the parents and a great challenge to the obstetrician. It contributes to perinatal mortality and detail analysis of it may help to reduce the still birth rate in India. The aims and objectives of the study is to find out the prevalence, socio-demography, maternal risk factor and fetal characteristics of intrauterine fetal demise cases. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study carried out in Institute of Medical Science and SUM Hospital Bhubaneswar from October 2014 to April 2015. Ante partum events leading to fetal demise were recorded, socio-demographic and clinical characters were noted and analysed. Results: There were 2899 deliveries and 90 fetal deaths in this period. The incidence of IUFD was 31.04/1000 live births in our study. Conclusion: Pregnancy induced hypertension, severe anaemia; abruption of placenta, congenital malformation of the fetus is the main cause of fetal demise. All the main causes of fetal death observed here is preventable. Proper preconceptional counselling, antenatal care is mandatory to reduce the still birth rate by 2030

A modified GWO technique based cascade PI-PD controller for AGC of power systems in presence of Plug in Electric Vehicles

A Modified Grey Wolf Optimization (MGWO) based cascade PI-PD controller is suggested in this paper for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of power systems in presence of Plug in Electric Vehicles (PEV). The modification in original Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm is introduced by strategy which maintains a proper balance between exploration and exploitation stages of the algorithm and gives more importance to the fittest wolves to find the new position of grey wolves during the iterations. Proposed algorithm is first tested using four bench mark test functions and compared with original GWO, Differential Evolution (DE), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to show its superiority. The proposed technique is then used to tune various conventional controllers in a single area three-unit power system consisting of thermal hydro and gas power plants for AGC. The superiority of proposed MGWO algorithm over some recently proposed approaches has been demonstrated. In the next step, different controllers like PI, PID, and cascaded PI-PD controller are taken and Plug in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) are assumed. The proposed approach is also extended to a two-area six-unit power system. Lastly, a five unequal area nonlinear power system with PEVs and dissimilar cascade PI-PD controller in each area is considered and proposed MGWO technique is employed to optimize the controller parameters in presence of nonlinearities like rate constraint of units, dead zone of governor and communication delay. It is observed that PEVs contribute in the AGC to control system frequency

Discomforts in Critically ill Patients: Our Experience in Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

Introduction: Patients admitted in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) experiences various discomforts which may be recognised or unrecognised. These discomforts may arise from the environment, may be related to the ICU care and discomfort related to the health status of the patient and critical care interventions. Aim: To identify the various discomforts in ICU patients, to classify them with respective causes, identify the most common cause among them and whether ICU sedation helps in reducing discomforts. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted from 15th July to 15th October 2018 on 120 mixed ICU patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India. Patients who were admitted to ICU for more than 24 hours, aged 18 years and above, those who gave written informed consent were observed and enquired for any discomfort. Discomforts have been identified and recorded by a fulltime intensivist by direct observation, by interacting with the patients and asking the family members and others (indirect approach). Through this study discomforts of critically ill patients were broadly classified into four categories 1. Due to existing illness, 2. Due to ICU interventions, 3. Due to improper nursing care and 4. Due to environmental factors. Results: Out of 120 patients studied, 84 patients (70%) reported some kind of discomfort during their ICU stay. Existing illness was the most common cause of discomfort, 80 patients (66.6%) suffered due to it. ICU interventions was the second most common cause, 71 patients (59.1%) had discomfort due to interventions. Thirty five patients (29.1%) suffered due to improper nursing care and 25 patients (20.8%) suffered due to the environmental factors. In this study, it was observed that sedation reduces all kind of discomforts. Conclusion: In this study 70% of patients, who were admitted to ICU due to various illness reported some kind of discomfort. The most common cause of ICU discomforts was existing illness followed by ICU interventions. In this study it was observed that sedation reduces all kind of discomforts. Sedated patients tolerate the endotracheal tube better and they had less environmental and procedure related discomforts. With the present study observation it can be suggested that ICU charts of nurses and doctors can carry a separate column for mentioning discomforts in different duty shifts. However, with the use of appropriate analgesia and sedation discomfort can be reduced

Analysis of Pediatric Procedural Dermatology at a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital in Eastern India

Background: Pediatric procedural dermatology is a broad and emerging aspect in the field of dermatology. Pediatric procedures require great expertise, skill, empathy, and confidence on the part of the treating physician. The challenging factors such as parental anxiety and doubts, the child’s cooperation, and the risks versus benefits are further contributory. Objective: The objective of the study was to summarize the risks of intra- and postoperative complications/side effects during diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in the pediatric population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in our hospital. Patients were taken between ages 0 and 18 years who had attended the dermatology outpatient department from January 2019 to March 2022. Results: In a total of 527 outpatient department patients, 267 (50.66%) were males and 260 (49.33%) were females (male:female ratio 1.02:1). Out of diagnostic procedures, the most commonly performed procedures were punch biopsy (14.61%), followed by autologous serum skin test (11.81%) and slit-skin smear (1.90%). Out of 15 therapeutic procedures, intralesional steroids (21.34%) were the most frequently performed therapeutic procedure, followed by radiofrequency cauterization (16.51%), autologous skin therapy (6.98%), cryotherapy (8.76%), nail surgery (2.79%), chemical peeling (2.79%), comedone extraction (2.66%), chemical cauterization (2.54%), neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (2.16%), platelet-rich plasma therapy (1.39%), diode laser (1.27%), measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine injection (0.89%), fractional carbon dioxide laser (0.63%), suction blister epidermal grafting (0.63%), and platelet-rich fibrin therapy (0.25%). Conclusions: This study provided comprehensive data on the various dermatological procedures done for pediatric cases in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures caused mild and transient side effects such as pain, edema, erythema, burning sensations, and irritation that did not affect the patient’s lifestyle