A morphometric evaluation of anterior fontanel and cranial sutures in infants using computed tomography

To retrospectively analyze anterior fontanel (AF) and the morphometric findings of cranial sutures in infants under two years of age who underwent cranial computed tomography (CT). A total of 227 cases, who had cranial CT examination, were studied retrospectively. Forty-five patients were excluded. The study was conducted with 182 patients who had adeqaute imaging with optimum quality. The diameter and area of AF and cranial sutures of the patients were measured using three-dimensional CT reformat and axial CT images. Male patients made up 53.8% of the total patients and the median age was 6 months. Normocephaly in 86.3%, plagiocephaly in 10.4%, scaphocephaly in 2.7% and trigonocephaly in 0.5% of the cases were present. The median AF transverse diameter was 29.75 mm, the median anteriorposterior diameter was 27.25 mm, and the median fontanel area was 400 mm2. AF was closed in 30.4% in 13-18 months old patiets and 85.7% in 19-24 months old patients. Metopic suture was closed 10% in the first 3 months of age / their lives, 74.3% in 7-9 months of age, and 100% in 19-24 months of age. There was a significant negative correlation between head circumference and suture diameters in infants with open and normosephalic AF, in the CT examination (p <0.05. R = - 0.106 -0.271). In this study, it was observed that 14.3% of AF did not close radiologically in 19-24 months in the Turkish population living in the Europe - Balkan region. This suggests that AF closes in some patients after the age of two. © 2022 Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi. All rights reserved

A large choroid plexus cyst diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging in utero: a case report

The incidence of choroid plexus cysts represents approximately 1% of fetal anomalies. We describe a case in which fetal ultrasonography and fetal magnetic resonance scans were used to identify a large choroid cyst in a fetus without the use of a diagnostic amniocentesis to detect aneuploidy. After birth, the child underwent surgery. In conclusion, the nature of prenatal intracranial cysts should be fully evaluated and differentiated between choroid plexus cysts and other types of cysts. We believe that a detailed evaluation of detected cysts and other structural brain abnormalities are essential. Prenatal magnetic resonance scans clearly can decrease the need for risky procedures, such as an amniocentesis, in the evaluation of antenatal choroid plexus cysts

Remote cerebellar hemorrhage following resection of a supratentorial tumor: a case report

Remote cerebellar hemorrhage after supratentorial surgery is rare, ranging between 0.08% and 0.29% in adults and children. However, it is extremely rare in children. This phenomenon underlying mechanisms remain obscure. A 14-year-old male child patient had a history of right focal seizures and underwent craniotomy for a left frontal mass (Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor). First hours post recovery period, the patient was somnolent and had right hemiparesis. Postoperative Computer Tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings revealed that the patient had developed remote cerebellar hemorrhage. He was treated conservatively, and was free of neurological deficits

A Correlation Between Quantitative Measurement Parameters of Thorax Computed Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test: A Retrospective Study

Aim:Pulmonary functional and volumetric evaluation is routinely performed with pulmonary function test (PFT). However, volumetric evaluation is also possible in computed tomography (CT) imaging. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between PFT and CT volumetric findings.Materials and Methods:Between April 2017 and May 2020, a total of 69 patients (34 males, 35 females) having thorax CT (without any parenchymal disease) and PFT were studied retrospectively. The images and PFT examinations with an optimum quality were enrolled. In CT, the volume and density of both lungs as well as total lung volume (TLV) and total lung density (TLD) were calculated. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio were recorded for the assessment with CT.Results:In a total of 69 patients (34 male, 49.3%; 35 female, 50.7%), the mean age was 55±14.56 years, FEV1=2.12±0.87, FVC=2.92±1.05, FEV1/FVC ratio=72.19±13.07, right lung volume=2118.06±662.36, right lung density=-806.8±68.16, left lung volume=1755.35±605.02, left lung density=-774.80±248.98, TLV=3820±1272.35 and TLD=-1597.17±295.70. FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio showed a positive correlation with bilateral (right and left) lung volume and density (p<0.05).Conclusion:PFT provides important quantitative pulmonary functional data that can evaluate the severity and course of diseases causing respiratory symptoms. However, in cases where PFT cannot be performed (such as Coronavirus Disease-2019), CT quantitative pulmonary volumetric evaluation can be an alternative in the evaluation of main pulmonary functions

Importance of Eosinopenia in COVID-19 Infection

Objective: Dynamic changes in the number of eosinophils are observed during the diagnosis and follow-up in coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19). Our aim was to show the role of the absolute eosinophil count in the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the relationship with diseaseseverity and prognosis.Methods: In this study, 191 patients (130 inpatients, 61 outpatients) diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia with the polymerase chain reactiontest and lung computed tomography; and 22 patients with positive influenza test were included as the control group. All demographic,biochemical data, clinical and radiological characteristics were recorded.Results: The mean eosinophils on first day of the inpatient COVID-19 group were found to be statistically lower than the influenza group andthe ambulatory groups (p=0.001, p=0.0001).Conclusion: A low eosinophil count in complete blood count, can aid in the early diagnosis of infection. Persistent eosinopenia progresseswith disease severity and may help determine the prognosis of the disease

Analysis of the coracoid morphology with multiplanar 2D CT and its effects on the graft size in the Latarjet procedure

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to reveal the individual differences regarding the size of the coracoid and their effects on the classical and modified Latarjet procedures. Methods: Computed tomography images of 120 patients (mean age: 41.18 +/- 12.01 years) without shoulder complaints or shoulder instability were evaluated retrospectively. The glenoid width, the surgical graft length, and the coracoid total length, width, and thickness were measured using the multiplanar reconstruction method on the Sectra Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) system. Age, gender, side, the dominant hand, and the height of the patients were recorded and the correlations between them were investigated. On the created hypothetical model, the current size of the coracoid was evaluated to determine what size of glenoid defects it could repair by employing the classical and the modified Latarjet techniques. Results: There was no significant difference between the right-hand-dominant group and the left-hand-dominant group in terms of coracoid measurement results (p > 0.05). Again, there was no statistically significant difference between the right and the left side regarding the coracoid size (p > 0.05). A positive correlation could be detected only between age and the coracoid width and thickness (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was also found between the glenoid width and the coracoid width and thickness in both shoulders (p < 0.001). Coracoid thickness could fill in the defects that amounted to 40% of the glenoid width, while the coracoid width could fill in for the defects that were 50% of the glenoid width in both genders. Conclusion: Our study showed that hand dominance and side were not effective on the coracoid dimensions. In addition, it has been shown that the coracoid dimensions did not have a significant effect in the choice of Latarjet technique in terms of defect repair and that repair rates of up to 40% could be achieved in glenoid defects with both techniques

Imaging Findings of the Morel-Lavellée Lesion

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the Morel-Lavellée lesion (MLL),which described as degloving injury of the subcutaneous fatty tissue.Methods: MRI features of fifteen patients in whom the diagnosis of MLL was established by clinically or surgery retrospec-tively analyzed.Results: All the lesions were located in the lower extremities, and 86.6% (n=13) were located at the knee level or above. Alllesions had an anatomic relationship with deep fascia. The majority of the lesions were in either fusiform or crescentic form.60% (n=9) of the lesions showed a well-defined smooth contour. Pseudocapsules were observed in nine patients (60%).46.6% (n=7) of the lesions had a homogeneous signal property. The intralesional hemorrhagic signal was observed in 26.6%(n=4) of the lesions and intra-lesional fat signal in 46.6% (n=7). One patient had fluid-fluid leveling. In two cases, muscleinjury were accompanied by the MLL. In all cases, no associated bone lesion was noted.Discussion and Conclusion: MLL should be considered if a well-circumscribed, crescentic or fusiform subcutaneous masslesion in association with the deep fascia is present, especially in the presence of a history of previous trauma

Neuroprotective Properties of Peptides

The development of a treatment strategy for neurodegenerative disorders is a serious issue for the healthcare world and a crucial subject of discussion. In the past two decades, a lot of focus has been placed on identifying the pathophysiological processes involved in neuronal death linked to neurodegenerative disorders and developing a variety of treatment options for neuroprotection. Numerous research teams have studied the use of peptides as neuroprotective treatments for different types of neurodegenerative disorders for a long time. The review aims to provide details about the roles of erythropoietin (EPO), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and oxytocin (OXT) in neurodegenerative disorders as well as what cellular and molecular mechanisms they trigger to elicit the neuroprotective action, with a focus on neurodegenerative disorders

Atypical CT Findings and Clinical Correlation Of COVID-19 Pneumonia

Aim: Our study aimed to evaluate the atypical CT findings and concomitant pathologies of COVID-19 pneumonia and clinical and laboratory findings and compare them with typical CT findings.Materials and Methods: A total of 69 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, 14 of which were atypical (20.2%), and 55 of which were typical (79%) chest computed tomography (CT) findings. CT images and clinical and laboratory data of patients with atypical findings were retrospectively analyzed. Lesions of the typical and atypical group and CT severity scores were compared.Results: Atypical CT findings were centrilobular nodule, tree in bud, pleural effusion, lobar/segmental consolidation, bronchiectasis, pulmonary embolism, and mosaic attenuation by typical lesions with ground-glass opacity with/without consolidation. CT severity score was significantly higher in the atypical group (p <0.001). CRP, procalcitonin, the neutrophil rate increased, and the lymphocyte count decreased in patients with a high CT severity score. Comorbidity was common in the atypical group (50%).Conclusion: High CT severity score and widespread lung involvement of the patient group with atypical CT findings may be due to disease progression or other concomitant diseases. Atypical lesions accompanying typical lesions may cause false negativity in reporting. As radiologists' experience with COVID-19 pneumonia increases, it may improve that they categorize these images as typical or atypical

Primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as a pure third ventricular lesion: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Primary central nervous system lymphomas are infrequently occurring lymphomas that account for only 0.3-1.5% of all intra-cranial neoplasms in patients without acquired immune deficiency syndrome. However, a pure third ventricle lymphoma is extremely rare. Here, we discuss the similar radiological appearances of lesions localized in the third ventricle and the importance of accurately diagnosing primary central nervous system lymphomas for favorable treatment outcomes.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 38-year-old Caucasian man from Turkey presented with a severe headache lasting for three months that failed to respond to any medication. Both severity and duration of the symptoms increased gradually, resulting in vomiting, nausea and gait disturbance that accompanied the headache for three weeks. Neuro-imaging studies showed a lesion located solely in the third ventricle, resulting in partial obstruction of the foramen of Monro. The pre-operative diagnosis was a colloid cyst. Following the surgical procedure, the results of pathological and immunochemical assays revealed that the pre-operative diagnosis was incorrect and that the lesion was a primary central system lymphoma.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Pure third ventricle lymphomas are extremely rare and are exceptionally localized. It is important to be aware of, and to differentiate between, other possible third ventricular lesions that may mimic the same radiological appearance. Accurate diagnosis is necessary for selecting appropriate treatment modalities.</p