Impact of Digital Marketing, Such As Social Media Marketing, Mobile Marketing and E-Mail Marketing, On Customer Buying

Digital marketing is the promotion of a product or buying and selling behavior through electronics and the Internet. From this perspective, this study was conducted to find out the role and impact of each of the three types of digital marketing (social media marketing, email marketing, mobile marketing). The significance of our research is that it enables people to have a clear understanding about digital marketing and how the use of technology and digital marketing changes their buying attitudes. The research was conducted through a survey through the publication of Google forms on several residents of the Kurdistan Region aged 18 to over 50 years and residents of Halabja and Sulaimani and the surrounding areas of Halabja and Sulaimani and surrounding areas. About 250 respondents were recruited which were obtained through an adaptive questionnaire. Conclusion We found that all three types of digital marketing influence customers’ purchases separately, but both types of digital marketing (social media marketing, email marketing) play a role in encouraging people to buy digitally. This will cause the Kurdish people to trust the digital market and gradually replace the traditional market. In conclusion, this study shows that digital marketing has been able to influence customer’s buying behavior and encourage them to do more in this way

Prognosis of Spontaneous Pneumothorax/Pneumomediastinum in Coronavirus Disease 2019: The CoBiF Score

Objectives: Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are associated with high mortality in invasively ventilated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients; however, the mortality rates among non-intubated patients remain unknown. We aimed to analyze the clinical features of COVID-19-associated pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum in non-intubated patients and identify risk factors for mortality. Methods: We searched PubMed Scopus and Embase from January 2020 to December 2021. We performed a pooled analysis of 151 patients with no invasive mechanical ventilation history from 17 case series and 87 case reports. Subsequently, we developed a novel scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality; the system was further validated in multinational cohorts from ten countries (n = 133). Results: Clinical scenarios included pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum at presentation (n = 68), pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum onset during hospitalization (n = 65), and pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum development after recent COVID-19 treatment (n = 18). Significant differences were not observed in clinical outcomes between patients with pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax (±pneumomediastinum). The overall mortality rate of pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum was 23.2%. Risk factor analysis revealed that comorbidities bilateral pneumothorax and fever at pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum presentation were predictors for mortality. In the new scoring system, i.e., the CoBiF system, the area under the curve which was used to assess the predictability of mortality was 0.887. External validation results were also promising (area under the curve: 0.709). Conclusions: The presence of comorbidity bilateral pneumothorax and fever on presentation are significantly associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum. The CoBiF score can predict mortality in clinical settings as well as simplify the identification and appropriate management of patients at high risk