Ionic Conduction at Interfaces of Solid Electrolytes and Electrodes

ナノダイナミクス国際シンポジウム 平成22年1月21日(木) 於長崎大学Nagasaki Symposium on Nano-Dynamics 2010 (NSND2010), January 21, 2010, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Invited Lectur

Lithium Depletion in the Solid Electrolyte Adjacent to Cathode Materials

Nanocomposites of lithium ion conductors (Li2SiO3 and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3) and electrode materials (TiO2, Li0.01TiO2 and FePO4) were prepared to investigate interfacial structure and ionic conductivity at the interface between solid electrolytes and electrode materials. It was revealed that lithium ions in the solid electrolytes were attracted to the cathode materials with increasing electrode potential, which increases lithium vacancies in solid electrolytes. For the FePO4 containing composites, due to the high electrode potential, lithium transfer across the interface and ionic conduction through the cathode materials was remarkable. The results suggest that severe lithium depletion occurs and interfacial resistance is large at the interface of high ionic conductors and cathode materials.Interfaces and Interphases in Battery Systems - PRiME 2012; Honolulu, HI; United States; 7 October 2012 ～ 12 October 201

Local Structure and Ionic Conduction at Interfaces of Electrode and Solid Electrolytes

All solid state batteries are attracting interests as next generation energy storage devices. However, little is known on interfaces between active materials and solid electrolytes, which may affect performance of the devices. In this study, interfacial phenomena between electrodes and solid electrolytes of all solid state batteries were investigated by using nano-composites of Li 2SiO 3-TiO 2, Li 2SiO 3-LiTiO 2, and Li 2SiO 3-FePO 4. Studies on ionic conductivity of these composites revealed lithium ion transfer across the interfaces without electric field, which depended on electrode potentials. For Li 2SiO 3-TiO 2, conductivity of the composites was enhanced by addition of TiO 2 and well explained by space charge layer model. With LiTiO 2 which shows lower electrode potential, the conductivity was deteriorated due to decrease in vacancies in Li 2SiO 3. At the interface of Li 2SiO 3-FePO 4, a lot of Li ions in Li 2SiO 3 are trapped at the interface or maybe are inserted into FePO 4, resulting in many vacancies in Li 2SiO 3 and lattice distortion. The results show the ionic conduction at the interface is strongly affected by the electrode potential and the importance of design of interfaces of all solid state batteries is pointed out

Local Structure of Thermally Stable Super Ionic Conducting AgI Confined in Mesopores

AgI confined in mesopores of Al₂O₃ exhibits high ionic conductivity for a very wide temperature range. The mechanism of this attractive feature was revealed by detailed investigation of local structure using ¹⁰⁹Ag nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). All data of NMR and XAS data as well as X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and a.c. impedance spectroscopy were carefully analyzed to reach the most plausible model. It was revealed that the local structure of the super ionic conducting phase of AgI in mesopores is amorphous, which is similar to α-AgI structure, and was stabilized for a very wide temperature range from 30 K to melting point around 850 K

Carbon Monoxide-Loaded Red Blood Cell Prevents the Onset of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important factor that limits the clinical use of this drug for the treatment of malignancies. Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to be the main causes of not only cisplatin-induced death of cancer cells but also cisplatin-induced AKI. Therefore, developing agents that exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects without weakening the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin is highly desirable. Carbon monoxide (CO) has recently attracted interest due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Herein, we report that CO-loaded red blood cell (CO-RBC) exerts renoprotective effects on cisplatin-induced AKI. Cisplatin treatment was found to reduce cell viability in proximal tubular cells via oxidative stress and inflammation. Cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, however, was suppressed by the CO-RBC treatment. The intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin caused an elevation in the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. The administration of CO-RBC significantly suppressed these elevations. Furthermore, the administration of CO-RBC also reduced the deterioration of renal histology and tubular cell injury through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in cisplatin-induced AKI mice. Thus, our data suggest that CO-RBC has the potential to substantially prevent the onset of cisplatin-induced AKI, which, in turn, may improve the usefulness of cisplatin-based chemotherapy