27 research outputs found
Prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients receiving chemotherapy
Oral mucositis is one of the most common side effects of cancer treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy). It is
an inflammatory process that affects the mucosa of the oral cavity, giving rise to erythematous areas in combination
with ulcers that can reach a large size. The true importance of oral mucositis is the complications it causes ' fundamentally
intense pain associated to the oral ulcers, and the risk of overinfection. This in turn may require reduction
or even suspension of the antineoplastic treatment, with the risk of seriously worsening the patient prognosis. This
points to the importance of establishing therapeutic tools of use in the prevention and/or treatment of mucositis. The
present study offers a literature review of all the articles published over the last 10 years referred to the prevention
and/or treatment of oral mucositis associated to chemotherapy
Dental considerations in pregnancy and menopause
The present study offers a literature review of the main oral complications observed in women during pregnancy
and menopause, and describes the different dental management protocols used during these periods and during lactation,
according to the scientific literature. To this effect, a PubMed-Medline search was made, using the following
key word combinations: “pregnant and dentistry”, “lactation and dentistry”, “postmenopausal and dentistry”, “menopausal
and dentistry” and “oral bisphosphonates and dentistry”. The search was limited to reviews, metaanalyses
and clinical guides in dental journals published over the last 10 years in English and Spanish. A total of 38 publications
were evaluated. Pregnancy can be characterized by an increased prevalence of caries and dental erosions,
worsening of pre-existing gingivitis, or the appearance of pyogenic granulomas, among other problems. Although
routine dental treatment is generally safe in pregnant patients and posteriorly during the lactation period, certain
dental procedures can have potentially damaging effects, such as the use of ionizing radiations, the administration
of drugs, or the generation of pain and stress. In postmenopausal women, alterations of the oral cavity are related
to the hormone alterations that characterize these patients and to physiological aging of the oral tissues, potentially
giving rise to periodontitis, burning mouth syndrome and xerostomia. As a result of the development of osteoporosis,
these patients may be receiving treatment with oral bisphosphonates, which in turn may require changes in the
dental management plan
Dental management in patients with hemostasis alteration
Haemostasis is a mechanism that, through different interdependent biologic processes, has the purpose of ensuring
the integrity and permeability of the circulatory system. Hemostasis term means prevention the loss of blood.
Interventions or treatments in the oral cavity, in particular those with a possibility of bleeding, represent a risk for
patients with disorders of hemostasis. Prevention is the key to avoid bleeding complications after oral surgical
procedures and therefore it is essential a detailed medical history of the patient.
The appropriate diagnosis and treatment in patients with disorders of hemostasis, depends directly in the understanding
of hemostasis standard mechanisms. Emphasising not only the importance of a thoughtful insight into these
mechanisms, but also of the existing analysis that study them.
This paper makes a synthesis of the general aspects of inherited coagulation disorders (Von Willebrand disease and
Hemophilia A and B) as well as of the alterations on platelets consequence of the use of certain medication (antiplatelet
and anticoagulant drugs), and their dental management
Oral manifestations and dental management of patient with leukocyte alterations
Leukocytes are the main cellular elements of inflammatory and immune reactions of the organism. Leukocyte alterations
are the consequence of an imbalance between the formation of leukocytes in the bone marrow and its elimination
by the mononuclear phagocytic system. Factors that can modify leukopoyesis are varied and can lead to an
alteration in the number of leukocytes or tumoral alterations of white cells (leukemias, lymphomas and plasma cell
tumors). There is also a wide range of clinical manifestations that can derive from them: from very slight symptoms
to life-threatening conditions. In some cases oral manifestations will be the first signs and it will be the dentist’s responsibility
to identify the underlying disorder and guide the diagnosis of the patient. It is important to be familiar
with the special management required for these patients, in which the dental treatment can affect the course of the
underlying disease. The objective of this article is to review the literature concerning the oral manifestations and
the considerations that must factor in the dental treatment of patients with leukocyte alterations
Dental management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both of
unknown aetiology. These conditions are characterised by the chronic and recurrent inflammation of different parts
of the gastrointestinal tract, but while in CD, chronic inflammation may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract,
in UC, mucosal inflammatory changes are confined to the colon. IBD is currently on the increase, and it is important
for the dental professional to be familiar with the condition as patients with IBD may present oral manifestations of
the underlying disease. Such manifestations of IBD may precede the onset of intestinal radiographic lesions by as
much as a year, or even more. Treatments used to manage IBD can affect the delivery of routine dental care
Dental considerations in patients with heart disease
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death in the developed world, and represent the
first cause of mortality in Spain. In addition to their associated morbidity, such disorders are important due to the
number of affected individuals and the many patients subjected to treatment because of them.
Objective: An update is provided on the oral manifestations seen in patients with arterial hypertension, ischemic
heart disease, arrhythmias and heart failure, and on the dental management of such patients.
Material and methods: A Medline-PubMed search was conducted of the literature over the last 10 years using the
keywords: “cardiopathy”, “dental management”, “endocarditis”, “hypertension” and “arrhythmia”. A total of 31
articles were reviewed, of which 22 were literature reviews, three were expert committee guides, four clinical trials
and two case series.
Results: The drug treatments used by these patients can give rise to oral manifestations in the form of xerostomia,
lichenoid reactions, burning mouth sensation, loss of taste sensation, gingival hyperplasia and bleeding, as well as
extraoral manifestations such as sialadenosis. An inadequately controlled cardiological patient constitutes a risk
case in dental practice; dental surgeons therefore must take a series of aspects into account before treating such
patients, in order to avoid complications
Dental management of patients with endocrine disorders
Introduction:
The endocrine system is responsible for hormonal secretion and is closely related to the central nervous system, as it diversifies its functions through the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. It controls physiological
processes and maintains homeostasis. The neuroendocrine system is responsible for adaptation to environmental
changes. Therefore, in dentistry, it is important to be aware of the risks and difficulties that may arise during the
dental management of patients with endocrine disorders, and that visits to the dental clinics often represent a
stressful situation.
Objectives:
To review the literature on oral manifestations and dental management in patients with endocrine disorders (disorders of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands).
Material and Methods:
For the literature review, we carried out a search in Pubmed / Medline database using limits
and keywords according to the controlled vocabulary “Medical Subject Headings” (MeSH). We obtained a total of
19 articles (ten literature reviews, one case-control study, and eight clinical case series).
Results and discussion:
We describe the most common oral manifestations in patients with endocrine disorders and
the special dental management that should be carried out on these patient
Dental management in transplant patients
Introduction: Transplant is the replacement with therapeutic purposes, of organs, tissues or cellular material for
others, from a donor who is usually a human, alive or dead. In recent years, transplant organs have been developed
by the advances that have occurred with immunosuppressive drugs and medical-surgical technology. Due to the
frequency of transplants that are performed today, it is common to find these patients in dental clinics.
Objectives: To review the literature on oral manifestations in transplant patients and general dental management
and according to transplant organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas and bone marrow).
Material and Methods: For the literature review, we carried out a search in Pubmed / Medline database using limits
and keywords according to the controlled vocabulary “Medical Subject Headings” (MeSH). We obtained a total of
30 articles (eight literature reviews, three randomized clinical trials, one cohort study, three case-control studies,
eight clinical case series and seven cross-sectional studies).
Results and discussion: We describe the most common oral manifestations in transplant patients (viral, bacterial
and fungal infections, gingival enlargement secondary to drug therapy and higher risk in the development of oral
malignancy) and the special dental management that should be carried out on these patients, generally and specifically
according to the type of transplant.Introduction: Transplant is the replacement with therapeutic purposes, of organs, tissues or cellular material for
others, from a donor who is usually a human, alive or dead. In recent years, transplant organs have been developed
by the advances that have occurred with immunosuppressive drugs and medical-surgical technology. Due to the
frequency of transplants that are performed today, it is common to find these patients in dental clinics.
Objectives: To review the literature on oral manifestations in transplant patients and general dental management
and according to transplant organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas and bone marrow).
Material and Methods: For the literature review, we carried out a search in Pubmed / Medline database using limits
and keywords according to the controlled vocabulary “Medical Subject Headings” (MeSH). We obtained a total of
30 articles (eight literature reviews, three randomized clinical trials, one cohort study, three case-control studies,
eight clinical case series and seven cross-sectional studies).
Results and discussion: We describe the most common oral manifestations in transplant patients (viral, bacterial
and fungal infections, gingival enlargement secondary to drug therapy and higher risk in the development of oral
malignancy) and the special dental management that should be carried out on these patients, generally and specifically
according to the type of transplant
Dental considerations in patients with respiratory problems.
Many respiratory disorders can compromise routine dental care and require special treatment for the affected patients. Patients often visit the dental clinic with respiratory problems already diagnosed by other specialists. The
dental professional therefore must provide correct dental care in the context of such a diagnosis. The present study
offers a literature review of those respiratory disorders which can have implications for dental care. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma require special measures, such as working with the patient in the
vertical position, since some of these subjects do not tolerate decubitus. On the other hand, patients with COPD can
suffer infectious lung diseases secondary to the aspiration of microorganisms in the presence of deficient periodontal conditions. The treatments received by patients with respiratory diseases can also influence their oral health. In
this sense, it has been shown that inhalatory medication used for asthma can cause oral disorders such as xerostomia, oropharyngeal candidiasis and an increased presence of caries (due to the action of β-agonists), as well as gingivitis. In contrast, oral manifestations of tuberculosis are infrequent. The clinical appearance of the lesions is very
similar to that of squamous cell carcinoma; it is therefore important to establish a correct differential diagnosis in
such cases. Mention also will be made of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), characterized by
critical narrowing and occlusion of the upper airways during sleep. In this context, the dental professional is often
directly implicated in the management of such patients by preparing and fitting oral devices designed to advance the
mandible. Lastly, mention will be made of dental management in the event of foreign body aspiration, where rapid
intervention by the dental professional is critical. The basic approach in such cases is adequate prevention