Basal cell carcinoma- a rare clinical image

We are presenting a case of a 50-year-old female, a farmer by profession and often exposed to sunlight. She came with complaints of lesions on her face along with pain over the lesions for the past year, which was left unmanaged since then. No one in their family has similar complaints as per her knowledge. On thorough inspection of lesions, there was neither sensory loss nor oozing of any fluid. On evaluation, there were lesions over the nose and medial aspects of eyes looked like a hemorrhagic crusted plaque with hyperpigmented border initially started as hyperpigmented papules which progressed to present size gradually in one year. Skin biopsy was sent for histopathological examination which confirmed it as basal cell carcinoma, on the confirmation the patient was referred to the oncology department for further management

Secure Communication Model for Dynamic Task Offloading in Multi-Cloud Environment

As the data is increasing day-by-day, the mobile device storage space is not sufficient to store the complete information and also the computation capacity also is a limited resource which is not sufficient for performing all the required computations. Hence, cloud computing technology is used to overcome these limitations of the mobile device. But security is the main concern in the cloud server. Hence, secure communication model for dynamic task offloading in multi-cloud environment is proposed in this paper. Cloudlet also is used in this model. Triple DES with 2 keys is used during the communication process between the mobile device and cloudlet. Triple DES with 3 keys is used by the cloudlet while offloading the data to cloud server. AES is used by the mobile device while offloading the data to the cloud server. Computation time, communication time, average running time, and energy consumed by the mobile device are the parameters which are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, SCM_DTO. The performance of the proposed system, SCM_DTO is compared with ECDH-SAHE and is proved to be performing better

Strategies and Programs for Improved Nutrient Use Efficiency, Doubling Farmer’s Income, and Sustainable Agriculture: Indian Context

Since the Green Revolution era, the farming sector exploited the soils for food, fiber, fodder, etc., with high input responsive varieties that excavated vast amounts of chemical fertilizers. The burgeoning population of the country calls for a commensurate increase in food production to satisfy the demands of its inhabitants. Further, due to innovative mechanization in agriculture, specialization, and government policy programs, the productivity of food has soared. Subsequently, it ensued greater productions and minimized food prizes. Regrettably, intensive agricultural operations degraded the soil quality and now reached such a stage where without external inputs, growers unable to achieve their targeted yields. India has lost 68% innate productive capacity of agricultural soils. This plunder of land’s quality continues unabated, further resulting in low nutrient use efficiency and insufficient yields of agroecosystems. Therefore, this is high time to realize the dreadful impacts of intensive crop production on the natural ecosystem. Irrefutably, both soil and its nutrients are the wondrous gifts of nature to humankind; utilizing them sustainably is imperative. The present chapter highlights the impacts of non-judicious nutrient management on soil productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and novel technologies required to promote sustainable agriculture and achieve the target of doubling farmer’s income in India

Breeding tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Low productivity in India is due to occurrence of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, tomato leaf curl disease, bacterial wilt, early blight and Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus disease have become serious production constraints causing considerable yield loss in the major tomato growing areas of the country. Adoption of multiple disease resistant varieties or F1 hybrids would be the most appropriate way to address these diseases. At ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru systematic breeding strategies were employed to pyramid genes for resistance to early blight, bacterial wilt and tomato leaf curl diseases and to develop advanced breeding lines& F1 hybrids with triple disease resistance. Stable source of resistance to early blight and bi-partite begomo-virus (Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus) has been identified in Solanum habrochaites LA-1777. Validation with molecular markers linked to tomato leaf curl virus resistance revealed that LA-1777 carryTy2 and other putative resistant genes. Several high yielding dual purpose hybrids were also developed for fresh market and processing with high level of resistance to multiple diseases. Cherry tomato lines have also been bred for high TSS, total carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, acidity and lycopene content. IIHR-249-1, IIHR-2101 (Solanum habrochaites LA-1777), IIHR- 2866 and IIHR-2864 recorded high values for quality parameters like total carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, total phenols, flavonoids and TSS. Drought tolerant root stock has been developed by an interspecific cross between S. habrochaites LA-1777 and S. lycopersicum (15 SB SB). Resistant sources have also been identified against Tuta absoluta, a serious insect pest reported from major tomato growing areas in the country in recent time. High temperature tolerant breeding lines are in pipe line

Does Change in S & T Explain Dynamics in Human Capital? An enquiry into Emerging Trends in Nursing Labour Market

We examine why it is important to consider seemingly autonomous but more embedded socio-political-economic aspects in assessing the impact of changes in Science and Technology (S&T) on human capital. In capturing the linkage between S&T and human capital, as we show, the dynamics in labour market is enmeshed in the complex web of socio-political-economic systems. Perhaps, this mode of reasoning has varying effects depending on the nature of economic activity. While the effect of entanglement of socio-political-economic aspects on S&T-human capital linkage may have less dynamism for primary economic activities, this effect is quite apparent for secondary and tertiary activities, quite reflected in consequences such as migration of labour. Interestingly, we investigate this dynamics taking nursing labour market as a case, viewing its significance in the emerging health care systems. A significant change in S&T of health care is that it has become more diagnostic than heuristic based system, mainly driven by advancements in the bio-medical technology. This change has altered the scope of health care occupations, covering occupations such as physicians, nurses, and para-medical professionals. Of these, nursing as an occupation reports one of the highest rates of women participation. After 2000, the migration of nursing professionals from some of the least developed/developing countries to developed countries has shown a steady increase. This surge in migration may have its roots in changes in S&T of health care systems. However, this link remains incomplete if we exclude a host of factors, primarily state’s role in health care, changes in health care education, new institutions in human capital formation, wage dynamics, and an increasingly socially embedded labour market. In this paper, we examine these themes –perspectives and substantive issues- , using the literature and secondary and primary data.S&T-human capital linkage, changes in health care system, nursing labour market, India, health professions, health care, para-medical professions, women participation, labour market, health care education, Health Studies, Labour Studies

E2CA-SM: AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT CHANNELALLOCATION WITH SLEEP MODE FOR BASE STATION INFIFTH-GENERATION-BASED CELLULAR NETWORKSYSTEMS

In today's world, power is one of the resources that needs effective utilisation similar to the bandwidth utilisation. Asthe battery life of the nodes in the cellular networks is not a problem, there is not much extensive research toward energyconsumption in the cellular networks. Nevertheless, currently the focus is toward conserving the power being utilised by variouscomponents in the cellular network. Hence, an energy-efficient channel allocation (E2CA) procedure for cellular networks withfifth-generation network characteristics is proposed in this study, where the energy consumption is reduced with the concept ofsleep mode for base station (E2CA-SM). The SM is more popular in sensor networks when compared with cellular networks.The proposed E2CA-SM algorithm shows low-energy consumption during peak and non-peak hours of cellular traffic. It isshown that the energy consumption per packet is 35.5% less when compared with multi-traffic, with queue, learning automata-based reservation, 32% when compared with E2CA. The system is modelled using single-dimension Markov's model. There willbe a trade-off between blocking, dropping probability, and energy consumption, which is tackled in this study

Computationally efficient models for simulation of non-ideal DC-DC converters operating in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes

This paper discusses dynamic modeling of non-isolated DC-DC converters (buck, boost and buck-boost) under continuous and discontinuous modes of operation. Three types of models are presented for each converter, namely, switching model, average model and harmonic model. These models include significant non-idealities of the converters. The switching model gives the instantaneous currents and voltages of the converter. The average model provides the ripple-free currents and voltages, averaged over a switching cycle. The harmonic model gives the peak to peak values of ripple in currents and voltages. The validity of all these models is established by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results from laboratory prototypes, at different steady state and transient conditions. Simulation based on a combination of average and harmonic models is shown to provide all relevant information as obtained from the switching model, while consuming less computation time than the latter