The Effect of Parent-child Interaction Therapy on Separation Anxiety in 3-6-Year-old Children of Nurses

Background: Separation anxiety disorder is considered as the most common anxiety disorder in childhood. Failure to treat this disorder in early age can be converted into a risk factor for childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effect of parent-child interaction therapy on reducing the symptoms of separation anxiety disorder among the nurses’ children aged between 3 and 6 years old working in educational hospitals in Qazvin. Methods: The intervention was designed as pre- and post-test along with the control group. The sample included 67 children aged 3 - 6 years’ old who were divided into intervention and control groups using the blocking method. The intervention consists of three steps: child directed interaction, bravery directed interaction and parent directed interaction which was performed for 8 sessions per weak. No intervention was performed for the control group. The obtained data were collected using the Spence questionnaire (parents’ version) and the results were evaluated. Results: Intervention therapy significantly reduced the symptoms of separation anxiety in the intervention group at the post-test stage compared to the control group. The mean of separation anxiety decreased from 10.82±0.62 to 7.69±0.52 in the intervention group. Conclusions: Parent-child interaction therapy can be used as an effective treatment plan to reduce the symptoms of separation anxiety disorder among preschool children. Keywords: Children, Nurse, Parent Child Interaction Therapy, Preschool Ages, Separation Anxiety Disorde

Anxiety disorder of 3-6 year-old children

Context: Anxiety is the most common disorder in childhood. Several factors may play a role in anxiety, such as child’s emotional and social behavior and mother employment. Aims: the present study aims to evaluate the anxiety disorders of 3–6-year-old children of nurses working in the educational hospitals in the city of Qazvin. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was performed in September 2018. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. Spence anxiety scale for preschool children was used to collect data. In this self-report instrument, parents are asked to rate the frequency of child behavior on a 5-point Likert scale from Never (0) to Ever (4). The children with a score above 34 were rated as having anxiety disorder. One hundred and fifty-five nurses were willing to participate in the study. Inclusion criteria for children were 3–6 years of age, for nurses were being employed in educational hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and the exclusion criteria of this study moving from Qazvin to another city. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 ( SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), univariate and multivariate regression coefficients. P < 0.05 were considered as significant levels. Results: The results showed that 32.9% of children of the nurses had anxiety disorder and there was a significant positive relationship between child gender (P = 0.008), child care during hospital shifts (P = 0.013) and anxiety among in these children. Furthermore, the prevalence of anxiety disorder in girls and child care by other family members were associated with the anxiety. Conclusions: Nurses are exposed to work-family conflicts due to their occupational conditions, which play an important role in children’s anxiety and it declares the need to pay more attention to this large segment of society. To generalize the results, it is suggested that this study be conducted on the statistical population of other regions of the country. Keywords: Anxiety disorder, Nurse, Preschool childre

Effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on gestational depression: A clinical trial

Introduction: Females are sensitive and vulnerable during pregnancy in terms of mental health. Psychotherapy may be an effective intervention to improve the mental status of the mothers. Regarding this, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on depression during pregnancy. Method: This clinical trial was conducted on 60 pregnant women with the gestational age of 12-12 weeks, who referred to the health centers of Qazvin, Iran, within 2016-2017. All selected mothers had mild to moderate depression based on the Beck’s Depression Inventory. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=30) and control (n=30). The intervention group was subjected to cognitive-behavioral group therapy for six weeks, while the control group received no training. The Beck’s Depression Inventory was administered to all participants both immediately after the intervention and two months later as a post-test. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23) using ANOVA and Chi-square test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the results of the Mann-Whitney U test, there was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups at the post-test (P=0.001) and follow-up (P≤0.001). In addition, the results of ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the intervention group in terms of the reduction of depression symptoms (P≤0.001) at the post-test and follow-up stages. However, no significant changes were observed in the control group in this regard. Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy was effective in the improvement of depression in pregnant wome

The Association Between Postpartum Depression and Pica During Pregnancy

Introduction and Objectives Postpartum depression is a common disorder and social debilitating that has an adverse effects on the mother, child and family. Pica is an eating disorder characterized by persistent consumption of non-nutritonal substances. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of postpartum depression with pica during pregnancy Method This case-control study was carried out in health centers in the west of Tehran. Our study subjects consist of 152 patients suffering from depression (cases ) and 148 non-depressed women (controls ). In addition to collecting demographic and pica data, the Edinburgh Depression Scale was used.The data was analyzed by both descriptive and analytic analyses such as ² and logistic regression in SPSS version 16. Result The frequency of pica among the studied population was 8.33% and pagophagia (ice and freezer frost) was the most common non-nutritive substance (76%). In this study, there wasn’t a significant association between pica during pregnancy and postpartum depression ) P=0.091, OR=2.24, CI=0.878, 5.713. (Also, there weren’t significant association between type (P= 0.137), onest (P= 1) and duration (P= 0.113) of pica during pregnancy with postpartum depression. Conclusions It doesn’t seem that pica during pregnancy is a risk factor for PPD. Key words: Postpartum depression, pica, pregnanc

Anxiety disorder of 3-6 year-old children

Context: Anxiety is the most common disorder in childhood. Several factors may play a role in anxiety, such as child’s emotional and social behavior and mother employment. Aims: the present study aims to evaluate the anxiety disorders of 3–6‑year‑old children of nurses working in the educational hospitals in the city of Qazvin. Settings and Design: This cross‑sectional study was performed in September 2018. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive‑analytical study. Spence anxiety scale for preschool children was used to collect data. In this self‑report instrument, parents are asked to rate the frequency of child behavior on a 5‑point Likert scale from Never (0) to Ever (4). The children with a score above 34 were rated as having anxiety disorder. One hundred and fifty‑five nurses were willing to participate in the study. Inclusion criteria for children were 3–6 years of age, for nurses were being employed in educational hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and the exclusion criteria of this study moving from Qazvin to another city. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 ( SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), univariate and multivariate regression coefficients. P < 0.05 were considered as significant levels. Results: The results showed that 32.9% of children of the nurses had anxiety disorder and there was a significant positive relationship between child gender (P = 0.008), child care during hospital shifts (P = 0.013) and anxiety among in these children. Furthermore, the prevalence of anxiety disorder in girls and child care by other family members were associated with the anxiety. Conclusions: Nurses are exposed to work‑family conflicts due to their occupational conditions, which play an important role in children’s anxiety and it declares the need to pay more attention to this large segment of society. To generalize the results, it is suggested that this study be conducted on the statistical population of other regions of the country

Depression, Anxiety and Suicidal Ideation Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis in Qazvin, Iran

Background Patients undergoing hemodialysis are prone to psychiatric symptoms due to considerable changes in their individual, social and occupational life which can influence the course and prognosis of renal diseases. Objective The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, Iran. Methods This descriptive cross- sectional study was performed on 120 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, Iran. Prior to study, their demographic and laboratory data were recorded. Dialysis adequacy was assessed using urea reduction ratio (URR) and KT/V formula. Data collection tools were Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and t-test. Findings The mean level of depression in patients was 13.72 where 79 (65.8%) had depressive symptoms. The severity of symptoms was mild in 47 (39.2%), moderate in 21 (17.5%), and severe in 11 (9.2%). Moreover, the mean level of anxiety was 9.73 where 16 (13.3%) had anxiety symptoms. Of 120 patients, only 8 (6.7%) had suicidal ideation. There was a significant negative association between dialysis adequacy and the severity of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. Anxiety symptoms were more frequent among unemployed patients, and the increase in age was associated with the increase in suicidal ideations (P<0.05). Conclusion Regarding the high prevalence of depressive symptoms and existence of anxiety symptoms in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, assessment of these psychiatric disorders along with effective therapeutic interventions should be considered