Synthesis, characterization and catalytic investigation of novel polymeric thiourea

In this study, in order to obtain polymeric thiourea compounds which have unsolubulity properties and higher metal content, new reaction pathways based on the use of the template effect were investigated. For this purpose, the reactions between different diamines, such as ethylendiamine, ortho (o-) and para (p-) phenylenediamine, and carbon disulfide (CS2) were investigated and optimized by using the template effect of Ni(II). Catalytic activity of the polymeric structure on oxidation of styrene was also investigated in terms of different parameters such as heat (25 and 80° C), time (4 and 8 h), oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), di-tert-butyl peroxide (DtBP) and solvent (acetonitrile and benzene). The products have been characterized on the basis of analytical and spectral method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, gel-permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic adsorbtion spectrometry, gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. © 2010 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.National Council for Scientific Research: 106 T 365The authors thank The Scientific and Tecnological Research Council (TÜB'TAK) for financial support (Project number 106 T 365) and Prof. Dr. Osman Serindag for the TGA/DTA analysis

Mild conditions for oxidation/epoxidation of styrene

In this study, in order to obtain novel support materials for immobilization of transition metals, polymeric Schiff bases were synthesized using a poly-condensation reaction between ortho(o-)phthalaldehyde tere(t-)phthalaldehyde, oxaldehyde and diamines like, e.g., ethylene-p- phenylene- and o-phenylenediamine. Additionally, catalytic activity of polymeric Schiff base metal on oxidation/epoxidation of styrene complexes were investigated. The products have been characterized on the basis of analytical and spectral method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, gel-permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic adsorbtion spectrometry, gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. © 2011 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden

Biodiesel production from ricinus communis oil and its blends with soybean biodiesel

In this study, local vegetable oil named as Ricinus Communis (RC) is used as the raw material for the production of biodiesel. In order to obtain RC oil, Soxhalet Extraction apparatus was used. This paper deals with the transesterification of Ricinus Communis oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. Moreover, this study analysis the fuel properties of RC biodiesel and soybean biodiesel blends. Various properties of the RC biodiesel, Soybean biodiesel and their blends such as the cold filter plugging point (CFPP), cetane number, flash point, kinematic viscosity and density were determined. Test results were compared well with European biodiesel standards EN 14214. Analysis showed that the cetane number and the cold flow behavior of the RC biodiesel and soybean biodiesel blends were improved due to the high cetane number (80) and the low cold filter plugging point (-35 °C) of RC biodiesel. © 2010 Journal of Mechanical Engineering. All rights reserved

Performance and emission studies of castor bean (Ricinus Communis) oil biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the use of various blends of castor (Ricinus Communis) oil methyl ester with diesel fuel. Performance and exhaust emissions of castor oil biodiesel with diesel fuel in a commercial compression ignition engine were presented in this study. Biodiesel produced from castor oil was blended with diesel fuel at the volumetric ratios of 5% (B5), 10% (B10), 25% (B25), 50% (B50), and 100% (B100). Fuel properties of castor oil methyl ester and its blends with diesel fuel were stated. The performance results showed that blends of castor oil methyl ester with diesel provided an increase on brake specific fuel consumption and a small decrease on brake power output. Compared with diesel fuel, diesel-castor oil methyl ester blends showed that while the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions became reduced; the oxides of nitrogen emissions observed higher than diesel fuel emission characteristics. Test results showed that B25 was determined as a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Schiff base polymers obtained by oxidative polycondensation and their Co(II), Mn(II) and Ru(III) Complexes: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in epoxidation of styrene

In this paper, Schiff base monomers having double azomethine groups, N,N'-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)1,4-phenylenediamine (M 1) and N,N'-bis(4-hydroxysalicylidene)1,4-phenylenediamine (M 2), were prepared by a common condensation reaction between 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxysalicylaldehyde with 1,4-phenylenediamine, respectively. The new Schiff base polymers, poly(N,N'-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)1,4-phenylenediamine) (P 1) and poly(N,N'-bis(4-hydroxysalicylidene)1,4- phenylenediamine) (P 2) were synthesized from the oxidative polycondensation of monomers with NaOCl in an aqueous alkaline medium. The characterization of synthesized monomers and polymers was carried out by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NM, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. The new polymer-metal complexes were prepared by using polymers and Co(II), Mn(II) and Ru(III) metal salts. Thermal properties of the compounds were studied by TG-DTA techniques. In addition, the catalytic properties of the polymers and their metal complexes were investigated in epoxidation reactions of styrene. The results of the catalysis studies were monitored by GC-MS. © 2012 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.106 T 365The authors thank The Scientific and Technological Research Council (Tübitak) for financial support (Project No. 106 T 365)

Synthesis of imine bond containing insoluble polymeric ligand and its transition metal complexes, structural characterization and catalytic activity on esterification reaction

In this study, synthesis of insoluble polymeric ligand (L) and its transition metal complexes [Cu(L) Cl2]·2H2O (1), [Co(L)Cl2(H2O)2] (2) and [Ni(L)Cl2(H2O)2] (3), having the azomethine groups, were synthesized by the condensation reactions of the diamines and dialdehydes. The structural properties were characterized by the analytical and spectroscopic methods using by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis, Powder X-ray Diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and Inductively Coupled Plasma. The solubilities of the synthesized polymeric materials were also investigated and found as insoluble some organic and inorganic solvents. Additionally, their catalytic performance was carried out for the esterification reaction of acetic acid and butyl acetate. The highest conversion rate is 75.75% by using catalyst 1. The esterification of butanol gave butyl acetate with 100% selectivity. © 2017 The Author(s)