The Effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Periodontitis in Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet on Macrophage Number

  Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the tooth-supporting tissue. P. gingivalis, which produces virulence factors, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is the main pathogenic driver of periodontitis. However, the interaction between the innate immune system and periodontal pathogens in hyperlipidemia remains unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) on macrophage activity in P. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis. Methods: Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=7 rats each group): LPS-HCD, saline-HCD, LPS-basal diet (LPS-BD), and saline-BD. HCD group had been being feeding by high cholesterol diet (1% cholesterol (w/w) and 0.5% cholic acid (w/w)) for 30 days before were injected with 0.2 ml of P. gingivalis ATCC 3277 LPS (LPS-HCD group) and saline (saline-HCD group). The other two groups had been being feeding by normal basal diet for 30 days before were injected with 0.2 ml of P. gingivalis ATCC 3277 LPS (LPS-BD group) and saline (saline-BD group). Rats were sacrificed and lower jaws were harvested and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin section of lower right and left incisor were deparaffinized, rehydrated, and stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E). The total number of macrophages was counted using a light microscope at a magnification of 400× from 10 fields of view. Results: The number of macrophages in the LPS-HCD group was the highest compare to LPS- BD, saline-HCD, and saline-BD groups. In addition, LPS-BD group had higher number of macrophage than saline-BD group which had the lowest number of macrophages. Conclusion: HCD and P. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis can contribute to increasing of macrophage activity in periodontitis. Thus, HCD itself can enhance the process of inflammation in periodontitis

EFEK ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK DAUN SEMBUKAN (Paederia scandens) PADA TIKUS WISTAR

Inflammation is a protective action that role on defending mechanism to defeat agent causing cell injury. Glucoside of skunkvine (Paederia scandens) has anti-inflammation effect. The aim of this study was to know the anti anti-inflammatory effect of skunkvine (Paederia scandens) extract on artificial edema in Wistar rat. Thirty-five Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups, each group consisted 5 rats. In the control and treatment groups, aquadest (negative control), fenilbutazon (positive control), skunkvine extracts in dose 10mg/kgBW, 20mg/kgBW 30mg/kgBW, 40mg/kgBW, and 50mg/kgBW were administered per orally. In order to induce the edema, one hour after administration, in each group, right hind paw of the rats was injected subcutaneously with by 1% carrageenin. The volume measurement performed with one hour interval for 5 hours assessing with pletysmometer. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. The result of this study showed there was significant difference on group with skunkvine extract 20mg/kg BW to negative control and positive control. In conclusion, that the skunkvine extract 20 mg/kgBW has potency as anti-inflammation substance.Inflamasi merupakan tindakan protektif dalam melawan agen penyebab jejas sel. Tanaman sembukan (Paederia scandens) dengan kandungan glukosida diketahui berpotensi sebagai bahan antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antiinflamasi ekstrak daun sembukan terhadap edema buatan pada tikus Wistar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 35 ekor tikus jantan galur Wistar yang dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok, masing-masing berjumlah 5 ekor. Pada kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol yaitu akuades (kontrol negatif), fenilbutazon (kontrol positif), dan perlakuan ekstrak daun sembukan dengan konsentrasi 10mg/kgBB, 20mg/kgBB, 30mg/kgBB, 40mg/kgBB, dan 50mg/kgBB, diberikan secara oral. Telapak kaki belakang kanan tikus disuntikkan secara subkutan karagenan 1% untuk memicu inflamasi. Pengukuran volume edema dilakukan dengan menggunakan pletismometer dalam selang waktu 1 jam selama 5 jam. Data selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada pemberian ekstrak daun sembukan 20mg/kgBB dengan kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun sembukan 20mg/kgBB berpotensi sebagai bahan antiinflamasi